The adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) secretome is widely studied for its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, yet its potential in maxillofacial medicine remains largely underexplored. This review takes a composition-driven approach, beginning with a list of chemokines, cytokines, receptors, and inflammatory and growth factors quantified in the ADSC secretome to infer its potential applications in this medical field. First, a review of the literature confirmed the presence of 107 bioactive factors in the secretome of ADSCs or other types of mesenchymal stem cells. This list was then analyzed using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) software, revealing 844 enriched biological processes. From these, key processes were categorized into three major clinical application areas: immunoregulation (73 factors), bone regeneration (13 factors), and wound healing and soft tissue regeneration (27 factors), with several factors relevant to more than one area. The most relevant molecules were discussed in the context of existing literature to explore their therapeutic potential based on available evidence. Among these, TGFB1, IL10, and CSF2 have been shown to modulate immune and inflammatory responses, while OPG, IL6, HGF, and TIMP1 contribute to bone regeneration and tissue repair. Although the ADSC secretome holds great promise in oral and maxillofacial medicine, further research is needed to optimize its application and validate its clinical efficacy.

Morphea is a rare sclerotic autoimmune disorder primary affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The linear head variants involve the facial area, with asymmetries and deformities. Eighteen patients with hemifacial deformity (age range 14–75 years) were assessed before surgery (T0), and after one (T1, 18 patients) or two (T2, six patients) surgical treatments of facial autologous fat grafting. A stereophotogrammetric reconstruction of the facial surface was obtained for each patient and a group of control subjects, and facial symmetry was quantified according to the root mean square distance between homologous areas of trigeminal innervation. Values obtained from the control subjects were used to calculate z-scores for patients. At T0, all facial thirds of the patients resulted significantly more asymmetrical than those of the control subjects (Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.05), while at T1, the symmetry of the middle facial third did not differ from that of control subjects (p = 0.263). At T2, the upper and the lower facial thirds also did not differ from the control values (p > 0.05). The faster result obtained in the facial middle third was in accord with clinical findings. In conclusion, autologous fat grafting significantly improved facial asymmetry after one (middle facial third) or two (lower and upper thirds) treatments; the outcomes were efficaciously quantified by stereophotogrammetry.

Management of maxillofacial fractures is a challenging situation for surgeon. This clinical study aimed to evaluate management of various types, involving complex fractures in the face and head region, in terms of accuracy and clinical outcomes. Included patients were treated using CAD/CAM techniques. A voxel-based analysis was carried out to evaluate the pre-/postoperative accuracy for each patient by superimposing the preoperative planning with the data for the postoperative CT. The distances between the preoperative, virtually planned, and postoperative positions of the screw holes of custom plates were compared. Additionally, various specifics, such as number of reduction guides/plates and surgical accesses, operating times, and perioperative complications were evaluated. Nine patients were included. The median accuracy, measured in millimeters by superimposing the planning with postoperative CT results, was 1.420 (standard deviation 0.425). The surgical times ranged between 100 and 620 min. Complications were seen in three patients; these included preoperative breakage of one reduction guide, and difficulty in intraoperative positioning of the plates in two patients. In conclusion, CAD/CAM techniques in the treatment of a variety of maxillofacial fractures can be beneficial; however, there is a lack of information in the literature, and more studies are needed to confirm these results.