Currently, there is a wide application in the literature of the use of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. This basic tool has also proven to be efficient for detecting molecules associated with hosts and pathogens in infections, as well as other molecules present in humans and animals’ biological samples. However, there is a crisis in science data reproducibility. This crisis can also be observed in data from experimental animal models (EAMs). When it comes to rodents, a major challenge is to carry out sanitary monitoring, which is currently expensive and requires a large volume of biological samples, generating ethical, legal, and psychological conflicts for professionals and researchers. We carried out a survey of data from the relevant literature on the use of this technique in different diagnostic protocols and combined the data with the aim of presenting the technique as a promising tool for use in EAM. Since FTIR can detect molecules associated with different diseases and has advantages such as the low volume of samples required, low cost, sustainability, and provides diagnostic tests with high specificity and sensitivity, we believe that the technique is highly promising for the sanitary and stress and the detection of molecules of interest of infectious or non-infectious origin.

Animal embryos are vital tools in scientific research, providing insights into biological processes and disease mechanisms. This paper explores their historical and contemporary significance, highlighting the shift towards the refinement of in vitro systems as alternatives to animal experimentation. We have conducted a data review of the relevant literature on the use of embryos in research and synthesized the data to highlight the importance of this model for scientific progress and the ethical considerations and regulations surrounding embryo research, emphasizing the importance of minimizing animal suffering while promoting scientific progress through the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. Embryos from a wide range of species, including mammals, fish, birds, amphibians, and reptiles, play a crucial experimental role in enabling us to understand factors such as substance toxicity, embryonic development, metabolic pathways, physiological processes, etc., that contribute to the advancement of the biological sciences. To apply this model effectively, it is essential to match the research objectives with the most appropriate methodology, ensuring that the chosen approach is appropriate for the scope of the study.

Malaria remains a major global health challenge. While treatments targeting parasite replication exist, effective interventions for neurological manifestations are scarce, necessitating new strategies for cerebral malaria. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) as an intervention tool to mitigate the effects of Plasmodium in a preclinical model. We used C57BL/6J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei-ANKA (PbA) and treated them with anti-GPI scFv or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on days 0, 3, and 6 post-infection. Uninfected controls were treated on the same days with scFv or PBS. The animals were evaluated for morbidity and mortality, body weight, parasitemia, blood count, cytokines, and histopathology. Results show that anti-GPI scFv prevented lethality in 71.4% of infected animals and promoted recovery from weight loss. Furthermore, the intervention inhibited neurological and systemic signs, reduced parasitemia, and improved hematological and histopathological parameters in the brain, lungs, and kidneys. In conclusion, anti-GPI scFv exerts a significant systemic effect on experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) pathology, representing a promising tool for severe manifestations of the disease.