Objective: Infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB) can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria and febrile or non-febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) to sepsis. Cleaning of rectal mucosa with topical antiseptics such as povidone iodine or chlorhexidine before the procedure are alternative prophylaxis methods. We aimed to investigate the effects of these two different topical antiseptic agents on infectious complications and their superiority to each other. Material and methods: The study was conducted with 200 patients. Rectal mucosa cleansings were performed in 50 patients with povidone iodine and 49 patients with chlorhexidine. The remaining 101 patients did not receive any antiseptic treatment. The results were examined according to the hospital admissions or hospitalization for the first 30 days after the procedure due to UTI, body temperature >38.5°C, sepsis, hematuria, rectal bleeding, and urinary retention. Results: The mean age of study population was 63.3±7.26 years, and the mean prostate specific antigen value was 13.96±29.5 ng/mL. Acute prostatitis occurred in 14 patients (7%), 9 of whom were hospitalized due to sepsis after TRUS-PB. Statistically significant less acute prostatitis was observed in those patients who were treated with topical rectal antisepsis (topical rectal antisepsis 2% vs. no rectal antisepsis 12.1%, p=0.01). Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine were not superior to each other in terms of inhibiting the development of acute prostatitis (chlorhexidine 2% vs. povidone iodine 2%, p=1.00). Conclusion: Rectal mucosal cleansing with chlorhexidine or povidone iodine before TRUS-PB prevented the development of sepsis due to acute prostatitis. We recommend that this effective method, which is easy to apply, cheap, reliable, easily tolerated should be used in all prostate biopsy practice. Cite this article as: Ergani B, Çetin T, Yalçın MY, Özbilen MH, Bildirici Ç, Karaca E, et al. Effect of rectal mucosa cleansing on acute prostatitis during prostate biopsy: A randomized prospective study. Turk J Urol 2020; 46(2): 159-64.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the uroflowmetry test results performed for normal and urgent desire to void and their correlation with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) values in adult male patients having lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) complaints. Material and methods: In this prospective study, a total of 83 patients were included. With a normal desire to void, maximum flowrate (Qmax)-normal, average flowrate (Qaverage)-normal, and void volume (VV)-normal values were obtained. Residual urine volume was examined by suprapubic ultrasound within 5 minutes following uroflowmetry, and calculated. The maximum bladder volume (MBV)-normal value was calculated by adding the residual-normal volume and VV-normal values. The same procedures were repeated the next day with the sensation of urgency, Qmax-urgency, Qaverage-urgency, VV-urgency, residue-urgency, MBV-urgency values were obtained. Results: Statistically significant difference was determined for all parameters, and higher values were obtained in the urgency group for all parameters (p<0.05). A correlation analysis was performed for the Qmax-normal and Qmax-urgency values and the IPSS. Both parameters were not statistically significantly correlated with IPSS, but the correlation coefficient of Qmax-urgency was found to be higher than Qmax-normal (p=0.85, Correlation Coefficient=-0.022 for Qmax-normal and IPSS; and p=0.069, Correlation Coefficient=-0.214 for Qmax-urgency and IPSS, respectively). Conclusion: Our study is the first study examining the effect of bladder sensitivity on uroflowmetry parameters in male patients having LUTS. More reliable results might be obtained in adult male patients with LUTS complaints when the uroflowmetry test is performed with a feeling of urgency to void. Our results need to be supported by more objective criteria, rather than subjective criteria such as IPSS. Cite this article as: Keskin MZ, Karaca E, Uçar M, Ateş E, Yücel C, İlbey YÖ. Comparison of uroflowmetry tests performed with a sensation of normal desire to void versus urgency and correlation of test results with IPSS. Turk J Urol 2020; 46(5): 378-82.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing Gallium 68 Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (Ga68 PSMA PET-CT) uptake for primary staging in prostate cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 499 non-metastatic and 243 de novo metastatic prostate cancer cases undergoing Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were collected and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression determined independent risk factors for metastasis detection on Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Results: Metastatic cases showed higher levels of total PSA, PSA density (dPSA) and biopsy ISUP grade group compared to non-metastatic cases. Multivariate analysis identified cT2 stage and dPSA as independent predictors of metastasis detection on Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Conclusions: Ga68 PSMA PET-CT plays a crucial role in prostate cancer staging, with identified factors such as clinical T stage and dPSA significantly impacting its diagnostic accuracy. These findings underscore the importance of Ga68 PSMA PET-CT in refining clinical staging and guiding treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients.