Matter, energy, and information are inseparable, as energy and information are intrinsic properties of matter. In this framework, energy activates matter, while in-formation enables its organization. Atoms and molecules, as units of interaction in the non-living world, and modules, as biological and socio-cultural units in the living world, are formed through the dyad of self-organization and selection in interaction with matter (M), energy (E), and information (I). Based on these interactions, and in relation to time, the Modular Evolution Model (MEM) has been developed, from which the following equations are derived: E = Mi, M = E/i and i = E/M. The values of i in these formulas, reflect the ratio of time and information before and after anevolutionary event, such as the emergence of a taxon. The history of matter is understood as a process of its modularization and energization over time, during which the values of information (I), self-organization (so), and energy (E) increase, while those of natural selection (ns), matter (M), and mass (m) decrease. Through the interplay of interaction units and modules as intelligent agents, and through selection, stability or autonomy is achieved. In the first stage, selection acts on the structure of interaction units and modules formed through self-organization processes. In the second stage, selection applies to these units and modules as they interact with the environment and with other modules, giving rise to semantic in-formation. Finally, the advantage of Universal Modular Evolution (UME) over the Modern Synthesis (MS) and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis(EES) is highlighted.

The study is based on information as the property of matter and its evolution from chemical to digital information. Consequences of these forms of information include molecular, modular, cel-lular, non-human, and human individual interactions, as well as human-machine interaction, and the formation of corresponding modules through self-organizing selective processes. The function of modular structures is decision-making and is analogous to the behavior of an intelligent agent. The evolutionary modular model is proposed based on the interaction of evolutionary factors (matter, energy, information, self-organization, natural selection, and heritability) among themselves and with the arrow of time. In conclusion, we realize that the essence of the evolution of living organ-isms is modular evolution. Modules through which the survival and reproduction of living organ-isms is ensured, are formed by two basic molecular processes, which are molecular recognition or information and modular self-organization.

The study is grounded on information as a property of the constituent elements of both material and non-material systems. Through these interactions, a function is performed, or a structure is formed, which in turn performs a function analogous to the behavior of an intelligent agent. Information and self-organization give rise to modules at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. Species, likewise, can be understood as modules, real and objective units of life, that emerge as cognitive, linguistic, and biological modules. In the framework of the biological module concept, species can be viewed as a temporal chain of living organisms, where each link comprises three successive populations that behave among themselves as intelligent agents. The intelligent agent is zygotic information in sexually reproducing organisms and an affordance of the environment in asexually reproducing organisms. However, a new model has been developed in which the stability of the species is argued, analogous to the stability observed in other biological modules.

Matter, energy, and information, on the one hand, and the interplay between natural selection and self-organization, on the other, have given rise to modules, which constitute the fundamental units of interaction, organization, and function, as well as the primary targets of natural selection throughout chemical, biological, and cultural evolution. Based on the forms of structural information that enable their emergence, modules can be classified into huit types: (a) chemical modules (l) genetic and epigenetic modules, (c) cell, (d) neural, (f) mental modules, (g) moduloma (m) and affordance modules (n). Through interactions among modules and between modules and their environment, semantic (meaningful) modular information emerges. It is this semantic information that enables modules to acquire and maintain stability as both physical and abstract entities. The emergence and persistence of both material and immaterial (abstract) modules occur only at a specific point in time, when structural information is matched with the corresponding energy. This relationship is described by the law of modular stability. Modules acquire and preserve stability when the structural information responsible for establishing the relationships among the elements of their structure, considered as systems, corresponds to the energy required to maintain those relationships, while semantic modular information reaches its maximum value. One of the principal implications of this law is that the creative role of natural selection and modular stability is expressed primarily during the first stage of module formation, when the module is established as a replicator, rather than during the second stage, when it functions as an interactor and its fitness is determined.