Nanling Mountain region is a typical southern hilly region, which plays an important ecological and environmental protection role in China’s overall land protection pattern. Based on the remote sensing image data of Longnan City in Nanling Mountain region in 2013, 2018 and 2023, this paper interpreted the land use type and analyzed the land use transfer situation by using land use transfer flow, and a land use transfer matrix. At the same time, based on the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model, the ecological environmental quality of Longnan City from 2013 to 2023 was retrieved. The temporal and spatial response model of the ecological environmental quality to land use transfer in Longnan City from 2013 to 2023 was discussed based on spatial autocorrelation and a geographical detector. The results show that from 2013 to 2023, the decrease of forest land (16.23 km²) and the increase of construction land (13.25 km²) were the main land use transfers in Longnan City. The ecological environment indexes of Longnan City in 2013, 2018 and 2023 were 0.789, 0.917 and 0.872, respectively, showing a trend of “first rising and then decreasing”. The ecological environmental quality in the north of Longnan City was significantly lower than that in the south, and the poor ecological quality area appeared in and around the northern main urban area, showing a trend of “inward contraction”. Forest land, garden land, grassland, cultivated land and water area have a positive impact on ecological environmental quality, while traffic land, construction land and other land have a negative impact on ecological environmental quality. The response of ecological environmental quality to different land use transfer modes is related to the change of the overall ecological environmental quality. The interaction between land use and land cover change (LUCC) and other factors had a great impact on the evolution of ecological environmental quality in Longnan City.

The Caohai Lake wetland is one of the most important wetlands in China and is also one of the most important overwintering areas for waterfowl. However, the spatiotemporal changes in the waterfowl habitat’s suitability and its response patterns to human activities are still unclear. Understanding these patterns is key to plateau wetland biodiversity conservation. In this study, remote sensing, the geographic information system, and global positioning system (3S) technology were employed, and the water source status, disturbance, shelter, and food availability were used as evaluation factors for waterfowl habitat selection. A suitability evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Caohai Lake wetland habitat’s suitability in 2000, 2010, and 2022, and to evaluate the response mechanisms of the waterfowl toward human activities. The results show the following: (1) there were frequent changes in the suitability grade of the study area from 2000 to 2022, and there was an overall trend toward improvement as the areas of suitable regions continuously increased. This was due to the continuous improvements in water source status, food availability, and shelter. (2) Human disturbances gradually increased from 2000 to 2022, and the human disturbance index was negatively correlated with the waterfowl habitat suitability. (3) There were significant spatial differences in the suitable waterfowl habitats. The marshlands near the banks of the lake were the regions with optimum and good suitability, while the areas of poor suitability and unsuitable regions were the deep-water areas, roads, and residential areas with high human disturbance, along with the regions near these areas. It is vital to further decrease human disturbances, in order to increase the habitat suitability of the study area.

Nanling Mountain region is a typical southern hilly region, which plays an important ecological and environmental protection role in China's overall land protection pattern. Based on the remote sensing image data of Longnan City in Nanling Mountain in 2013, 2018 and 2023, this paper interpreted the land use type and analyzed the land use transfer situation by using Land use transfer flow, and Land use transfer matrix. At the same time, based on the remote sensing Ecological index (RSEI) model, the ecological environment quality of Longnan City from 2013 to 2023 was retrieved. The temporal and spatial response model of ecological environment quality to land use transfer in Longnan City from 2013 to 2023 was discussed based on Spatial autocorrelation and Geographic detector. The results show that from 2013 to 2023, the decrease of forest land (16.23km²) and the increase of construction land (13.25km²) were the main land use transfer in Longnan City. The ecological environment index of Longnan City in 2013, 2018 and 2023 was 0.789, 0.917 and 0.872, respectively, showing a trend of "first rising and then decreasing". The ecological environment quality in the north of Longnan City was significantly lower than that in the south, and the poor ecological quality area appeared in and around the northern main urban area, showing a trend of "inward contraction". Forest land, garden land, grassland, cultivated land and water area have a positive impact on ecological environment quality, while traffic land, construction land and other land have a negative impact on ecological environment quality. The response of ecological environment quality to different land use transfer modes is related to the change of the overall ecological environment quality. The interaction between LUCC and other factors had a great impact on the evolution of ecological environment quality in Longnan City.