Fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) is an important NADPH-dependent enzyme that can produce primary alcohol from fatty acyl-CoA or fatty acyl-carrier proteins as substrates. It plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Herein, we performed genome-wide identification and expression analysis of FAR members in rice using bioinformatics methods. A total of eight OsFAR genes were identified, and the OsFARs were comprehensively analyzed in terms of phylogenetic relationships, duplication events, protein motifs, etc. The cis-elements of the OsFARs were predicted to respond to growth and development, light, hormones, and abiotic stresses. Gene ontology annotation analysis revealed that OsFAR proteins participate in biological processes as fatty acyl-CoA reductase during lipid metabolism. Numerous microRNA target sites were present in OsFARs mRNAs. The expression analysis showed that OsFARs were expressed at different levels during different developmental periods and in various tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of OsFARs were altered under abiotic stresses, suggesting that FARs may be involved in abiotic stress tolerance in rice. The findings presented here serve as a solid basis for further exploring the functions of OsFARs.

Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) Δ9 desaturase (SAD) is a critical fatty acid dehydrogenase in plants, playing a prominent role in regulating the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and having a significant impact on plant growth and development. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of the SAD family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), identifying 14 HvSADs with the FA_desaturase_2 domain, which were divided into four subgroups based on sequence composition and phylogenetic analysis, with members of the same subgroup possessing similar genes and motif structures. Gene replication analysis suggested that tandem and segmental duplication may be the major reasons for the expansion of the SAD family in barley. The promoters of HvSADs contained various cis-regulatory elements (CREs) related to light, abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). In addition, expression analysis indicated that HvSADs exhibit multiple tissue expression patterns in barley as well as different response characteristics under three abiotic stresses: salt, drought, and cold. Briefly, this evolutionary and expression analysis of HvSADs provides insight into the biological functions of barley, supporting a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of oil biosynthesis and metabolism in plants under abiotic stress.

In this study, the drought-responsive gene HvFBX158 from barley was transferred to Arabidopsis thaliana, and overexpression lines were obtained. The phenotypic characteristics of the transgenic plants, along with physiological indicators and transcription level changes of stress-related genes, were determined under drought treatment. Under drought stress, transgenic plants overexpressing HvFBX158 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and longer root lengths compared to wild-type plants. Additionally, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents were significantly lower in transgenic lines, while superoxide dismutase activity was elevated. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of drought and stress response genes, including AtP5CS, AtDREB2A, AtGSH1, AtHSP17.8, and AtSOD, were significantly upregulated. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed that HvFBX158 regulated multiple stress tolerance pathways. In summary, the overexpression of the HvFBX158 gene enhanced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by regulating multiple stress response pathways. This study provides a practical basis for improving drought-resistant barley varieties and lays a foundation for subsequent research on F-box family genes for stress resistance in barley.