Al-Quran knowledge representations involved classification of Al-Quran verses for providing better understanding of the readers. In the current era of social media challenges, the representation of knowledge must be understood by human and computer in order to ensure the correctness of Al-Quran semantics are persevered. Current approaches used conventional methods such as taxonomy, hierarchy or tree structure, which only provides a concept definition without linked to other sources of knowledge explanation. This research aims to develop the Al-Quran Ontology by using theme-based classification approach. The ontology model for Al-Quran is developed based on the Al-Quran knowledge theme defined in Syammil Al-Quran Miracle the Reference. The theme-based ontology approach has shown that the Al-Quran knowledge can be classified and presented systematically. This will encourage the development of applications for Al-Quran readers. Moreover, the ontology structure that representing the theme concepts in Al-Quran was reviewed and validated by the domain experts in Al-Quran knowledge.

This study examines how optimal working capital policies impact firm value in 184 Pakistani non-financial firms, with market power as a moderating factor. The study uses panel data from 2011 to 2023 and the Kruskal-Wallis test to look for patterns in working capital policies. It also employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address endogeneity. Working capital policies are measured through investment policy (IP), finance policy (FP), and cash conversion cycle (CCC), while market power is assessed using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Firm value is measured via Tobin’s q (TQ) and the market-to-book ratio (MB). IP and CCC significantly impact firm value, whereas FP has a negative effect. Conservative IP, extended cash conversion cycles beyond optimal levels, and conservative financing all enhance firm value. Market power weakens the positive impact of IP on firm value but amplifies the benefits of FP and CCC. The findings of the study support trade-off theory. Conservative IP and aggressive FP increase firm value. The study provides financial managers with insights to align working capital strategies with market power and equips policymakers with tools to enhance shareholder value.

A scarce literature guides the examination of FinTech adoption on SMEs' sustainable performance via the mediation of green finance on green innovation, with the moderating effect of ESGTL and green innovation strategy. Data were collected from 250 SME managers and owners from Pakistan and Malaysia for comparative perspectives, and CB-SEM was applied for data analysis. Results revealed FA's significant effect on SMEs' SP in both countries. GF partially mediates the effect of FA on GI in Malaysia, whereas complete mediation prevails between the constructs in Pakistan. GI fully mediates the effect of GF and SP in both countries. Higher involvement in green innovation strategy moderates the increase in the changes to focus on green finance practices. The higher commitment to ESGTL increases the influence of green financing on green innovation applications in both countries. Lastly, ESGTL improves green innovation's role in attaining sustainable performance for Malaysian SMEs compared to Pakistan. Findings contribute to the enduring literature on fintech and the sustainable performance of SME firms from the perspective of growing economies. Furthermore, it confirms the importance of FA, GF, and GI in enhancing the SP of SME firms, and in due course, confirms the sustainable financial advancement of a country.

The Saudi government's Vision 2030 has identified tourism as a crucial factor in the nation's economic and cultural advancement, recognizing its role as a primary catalyst for change. Although numerous studies have assessed ESG practices by examining various practices identified in the literature, a notable gap exists in the evaluation of ESG practices within hotels in Saudi Arabia. This oversight underscores the necessity for more comprehensive and detailed ESG practices that can effectively measure and enhance the influence of the hotel sector. This research aims to identify the most relevant strategies for measuring Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in Saudi hotels, to ascertain the context of the studies, and to highlight opportunities and future trends within the hotel sector. The articles included in this review study were published between 2020 and 2024. It offers a comprehensive analysis of the present state of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) evaluation in Saudi Arabia's hotel sector. The discussion was focused on the current issues faced in the discipline and the available research prospects within the topic.

This study investigates the impact of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) on firm value among Shariah-compliant industrial product and service firms listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2022 to 2024. Using Tobin's Q as the measure of firm value, the study examines the role of board size, leverage, Chief Risk Officer (CRO) presence, firm size, and sales growth in shaping market performance. Panel data analysis was conducted on 90 companies, employing regression and correlation techniques using EViews. The results reveal that board size and leverage significantly and positively affect firm value, consistent with agency theory and the principle of shura (consultation), which encourages collective decision-making. Conversely, firm size, sales growth, and CRO presence exhibit negative or mixed effects, suggesting that governance structures must be effectively integrated for ERM to create value.