The production of functional candies has garnered significant attention due to the growing consumer demand for healthier confectionery options. This study investigates the production of functional jelly gum by replacing table sugar and glucose syrup with honey and blueberry concentrate. Various formulations were developed and tested for phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, textural properties, and consumer acceptance. Results showed that the addition of functional ingredients increased the phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the control. The modified jelly gums exhibited strong antioxidant activities, as evidenced by the DPPH assay, with significant differences (p < 0.05) from the control. The DPPH radical scavenging activity correlated strongly with phenolic content (R² = 0.88) and flavonoid content (R² = 0.89). Reducing power ranged from 32.31% to 78.45%, with the T5 sample (containing 30 g honey and 60 g blueberry concentrate) showing the highest activity. The reducing power of all treatments correlated significantly with flavonoid content (R² = 0.75) and phenolic content (R² = 0.83). Sensory analysis revealed that the T4 sample (containing 30 g of honey and 30 g of blueberry concentrate) was the most favorably received by consumers. These findings highlight the potential of using natural ingredients to develop healthier confectionery products that meet consumer demand for confectionery that is both nutritious and appealing.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Objective: This study’s goals were to look at how much CD56 was expressed in the spleen tissue of rats with type 1 diabetes and compare it to rats that were not diabetic. Methods: The method used in this study was to give rats type 1 diabetes by giving them Alloxan (120 mg/kg). The rats had diabetes for one month. As soon as the experiment was over, all the animals were put down and prepared for normal biochemical, histology, and immunohistochemical tests. Results: The study results revealed that the biochemical findings including glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic group were more significantly higher than that in the control group. The spleen tissue of diabetic rats was more inflamed than that of the control group, as shown by histological results. CD56 expression was much lower in the rats of diabetic group compared to the rats in the control group. Conclusion: When looked at as a whole, CD56’s role in diabetes seems to have been lost. This explains why people with type 1 diabetes have inflammatory problems.

Background: Diabetes is not a single disease but rather, it is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The pathologic aspects of diabetes involve cellular changes that need to be understood. Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the role of Ki67 in the liver of diabetic rats. Methods: The study methodology involved the induction of diabetes in rats using Alloxan (120 mg/kg). A total of 20 albino rats were randomly assigned into two groups control group (N=10) and diabetes group (n=10). Diabetic group received the dose of alloxan, while the control group received similar dose of normal saline. Glucose level was monitored daily. After the end of the experiment (one -month period), all animals were terminated. Blood samples were taken to measure biochemical investigations including glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Liver tissue was excised and washed with normal saline and fixed in buffered formalin (10%). Liver tissue was processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin for routine histological examination and also stained by immunohistochemistry for Ki67 biomarker. Results: The results revealed the efficacy of the diabetic model. All biochemical investigations were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with that of control group (p<0.001). Histological studies showed the existence of morphological alterations in cells and fatty changes in the diabetic group compared with the control group. The expression of Ki67 was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with that in the control group (p=0.011). Conclusion: Taken together, diabetes has adverse effects on the spleen from a histological point of view, and from the expression of Ki67.