The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used since the 1920s as a therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Due to the beneficial effects of this diet on the nervous system and the proposed multifaceted effects of ketones on health and disease, researchers have evaluated its use in other nonneurological conditions. The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent papers, which is why meta-analyses were used in which 75% of the studies were from 2012 to 2022. Authors also cited single studies from the last decade that lasted longer than 12 months to assess the long-term benefits of KD. Reports from the past decade have highlighted several significant areas regarding the impact of KD. One of these is the use of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as an effective possibly safe and patient-motivating component of a long-term weight loss plan. Reports on the positive influence of KD on the health of obese individuals, and the possible resulting validity of its use, should be verified by patients' physical activity levels. A significant number of studies from the last decade evaluate the effect of KD on improving the health of individuals with type 2 diabetes as an effective tool in lowering glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) and required doses of hypoglycemic drugs. The long-term studies indicate a possible beneficial effect of KD on cardiovascular function due to improvement lipid profile, changes in apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, adiponectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status and diet of midwives working on a shift schedule in public hospitals in Wrocław, Poland, and to analyze the variation in their diet according to their working hours (day shift, night shift) and on a non-working day....

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of diets among midwives working in a shift system and to analyze variations in their dietary habits according to their working hours. In a group of fifty midwives employed in four public hospitals in Wrocław, the HDI-2015, HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and Mellen’s DASH diet index were calculated. The significance of differences in terms of the prevalence of selected dietary habits, meal frequency, average content of selected food items, and the percentage of energy obtained from them was assessed. Over half of the diets of the participants exhibited low adherence to the selected dietary indices. Only the scores on Mellen’s DASH diet index were significantly associated with other components of the diet. Diets scoring ≥ 4.5 points were characterized by significantly lower processed meat content, meal frequency, and energy value, as well as lower sugar content and lower dietary energy value, compared to diets scoring < 4.5 points. Regardless of their working hours, the diets of midwives are characterized by low quality. Therefore, it appears essential to introduce targeted educational programs and provide guidance on appropriate dietary models, such as the DASH diet.

Background/Objectives: Age-related eating difficulties, combined with restrictive ketogenic diet therapies (KDTs), may contribute to a narrow range of consumed foods and reduced dietary variety in children’s diet. Methods: The study aim is to compare nutritional status, food neophobia (FN), food texture preferences, and eight eating behaviors—including food fussiness (FF)—as well as meal variety and repetitiveness, between children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing KDT (KD group; n = 15) and healthy children (n = 100), by the Child Food Texture Preference Questionnaire, the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Modified Children’s Food Neophobia Scale. Results: No significant differences were found in nutritional status (percentile: weight: 53 (31.50–78.00) vs. 51.50 (35.50–71.25), p > 0.9999; height: 43 (26.5–59.5) vs. 51 (31.75–70.25), p > 0.9999; BMI: 50 (21.5–92.5) vs. 51.5 (33–69.5), p > 0.9999) and in most eating behavior domains, although both groups showed a high prevalence of feeding difficulties. The KD group showed significantly greater meal repetition (3 (2–3) vs. 2 (1–2), p = 0.0468) and lower dietary variety (3 (2–3) vs. 4 (4–4), p = 0.0004), emotional undereating (4 (4–8.5) vs. 10 (9–13), p = 0.0059) and overeating (4 (4–7) vs. 8 (6–10), p = 0.0196) scores. Within the study population, eating behaviors clustered into distinct patterns predisposing toward either an “adaptive” or a “maladaptive” approach to food. Conclusions: There is a need for an individualized approach to addressing eating difficulties in children following KDT. It seems reasonable to introduce targeted screening assessments for FN and FF to facilitate early identification of patients at risk of unfavorable eating styles.