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Stormwater is a valuable resource, whose management in harmony with nature is one of the main challenges of modern water management. The problems encountered are additionally exacerbated by the lack of space for the development of sustainable drainage systems. For that reason, new housing estates should be designed considering efficient stormwater management. This paper assesses five stormwater management models to determine the statistically most appropriate model for managing stormwater in newly designed multi-family housing estates using multi-criteria analysis. Various options were assessed by means of the scoring method based on six groups of criteria (political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental). The research considered the different views and priorities of the experts involved in stormwater management in Poland. A survey conducted among them showed that the statistically most suitable way of managing stormwater is its infiltration into the ground with the use of infiltration basins or tanks. Only if the possibility of their application is excluded, should the application of other models of stormwater management, especially its retention, be considered. It is expected that the research results presented in this paper will be a guide for investors and developers, and their use will allow people who are not experts in the field of stormwater management to make appropriate decisions.
Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Mariusz Starzec. Statistical Approach to the Problem of Selecting the Most Appropriate Model for Managing Stormwater in Newly Designed Multi-Family Housing Estates. Resources 2020, 9, 110 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch, Mariusz Starzec. Statistical Approach to the Problem of Selecting the Most Appropriate Model for Managing Stormwater in Newly Designed Multi-Family Housing Estates. Resources. 2020; 9 (9):110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch; Mariusz Starzec. 2020. "Statistical Approach to the Problem of Selecting the Most Appropriate Model for Managing Stormwater in Newly Designed Multi-Family Housing Estates." Resources 9, no. 9: 110.
The growing interest in the use of unconventional energy sources is a stimulus for the development of dedicated devices and technologies. Drain water heat recovery (DWHR) units can be an example of such devices. They allow the recovery of part of the heat energy deposited in grey water. This paper describes the results of research on the assessment of the financial profitability of the use of two horizontal heat exchanger solutions, taking into account the actual distribution of cold water temperature during the operating year in the plumbing and two operating regimes of the premises as the residential and service facilities. The analysis showed that the use of a horizontal heat exchanger with increased efficiency in a dwelling in a 15-year life cycle allowed for achieving more than twice as much savings (reaching up to EUR 1427) compared to a classic horizontal heat exchanger. At the same time, it was shown that the installation of this type of equipment was more profitable the greater the water consumption of the premises. The article also notes the impact of cold water temperature in the installation on the results of the analysis. It was featured that taking temperature on the basis of installation design recommendations led to significant distortions in the financial analysis. On the other hand, comparing the method of averaging the cold water temperature (daily, monthly and yearly), it was determined that averaging the temperature over the annual cycle was an acceptable simplification of the model. The research results presented in the paper have a practical aspect and may constitute guidelines for designers and potential investors. In addition, they can be an incentive to continue research on heat exchangers by other scientific centers, which on a global scale will increase the universality of their use.
Kamil Pochwat; Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Mariusz Starzec; Beata Piotrowska. Financial Analysis of the Use of Two Horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery Units. Energies 2020, 13, 4113 .
AMA StyleKamil Pochwat, Sabina Kordana-Obuch, Mariusz Starzec, Beata Piotrowska. Financial Analysis of the Use of Two Horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery Units. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamil Pochwat; Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Mariusz Starzec; Beata Piotrowska. 2020. "Financial Analysis of the Use of Two Horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery Units." Energies 13, no. 16: 4113.
The need for efficient use of energy and sustainable energy management and the fact that large quantities of heat are deposited in the discharged sewage have contributed to the development of research on waste heat recovery. Gray water began to be seen not just as waste, but also as an alternative source of energy. Research related to the development, improvement, and finally, the popularization of waste energy recovery devices and systems has evolved rapidly over the last two decades. Initially, technologies for gray water reuse were not widely used, which was due to the low efficiency of the current heat exchangers and the significant investment outlays that would have to be covered by potential users. Research conducted by scientists from around the world has allowed us to eliminate construction flaws, improve efficiency, and also provide information on the selection of optimal waste heat recovery technology, depending on the installation conditions and operating parameters. The ability to correctly select the device allows for effective energy collection from gray water, which improves the investment profitability. This paper reviews the research regarding issues related to waste heat recovery from gray water in sewage installations and systems. A critical analysis of the current state of knowledge was carried out with a special consideration to the technologies intended for the residential buildings.
Beata Piotrowska; Daniel Słyś; Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Kamil Pochwat. Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery in Sewage Systems. Resources 2020, 9, 72 .
AMA StyleBeata Piotrowska, Daniel Słyś, Sabina Kordana-Obuch, Kamil Pochwat. Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery in Sewage Systems. Resources. 2020; 9 (6):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeata Piotrowska; Daniel Słyś; Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Kamil Pochwat. 2020. "Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery in Sewage Systems." Resources 9, no. 6: 72.
There is a clear trend in the world to increase the use of sustainable drainage systems. In Poland, it is not as much noticeable, and as a consequence, the conventional stormwater system remains the most common method of stormwater management. As part of the research, an assessment of the issues affecting the implementation of sustainable stormwater management systems in an engineering practices was performed. For that purpose the PESTLE analysis was applied. Its results indicate that legal factors are the key for the development of sustainable drainage systems in Poland. The scale of public support and availability of funding is also not without importance. The possibilities of the implementation growth of sustainable drainage systems should be sought in changes in legal regulations regarding stormwater management, while ensuring at the same time an appropriate level of financing for sustainable solutions. In the second stage of the research, stormwater management models used in Poland were identified. The strengths and weaknesses of these models were presented. There were also discussed the potential opportunities and threats associated with their implementation. The balances of positive and negative sides that were created through a SWOT analysis could be treated as the basis for the detailed analyses of the legitimate application of individual systems in specific areas. It is expected that the results of the research will allow formulating clear principles of an innovation policy in the field of stormwater management and appointing objective and transparent criteria for financing individual types of drainage investments.
Sabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. An analysis of important issues impacting the development of stormwater management systems in Poland. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 727, 138711 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Daniel Słyś. An analysis of important issues impacting the development of stormwater management systems in Poland. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 727 ():138711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. 2020. "An analysis of important issues impacting the development of stormwater management systems in Poland." Science of The Total Environment 727, no. : 138711.
Progressing urbanisation is one of the key causes of environmental degradation. This problem also applies to stormwater management. For this reason, drainage infrastructures should be designed in harmony with nature and the decision for selecting a specific stormwater management system solution must not be taken on an ad-hoc or single-perspective basis. The purpose of this paper is to identify the criteria for selecting the best solution for a problem involving the selection of a stormwater management system, and to present a method that will enable all relevant criteria to be taken into account in the decision-making process. The developed decision problem structure takes into account all criteria related to the construction and operation of stormwater infrastructure, and its individual elements were identified based on the analysis and synthesis of information regarding the principles of stormwater management in Poland. The presented approach will allow for the taking into account of all, often mutually exclusive, criteria determining the choice of the stormwater management system option. This, in turn, will make it possible to significantly simplify the decision-making process. The indicated criteria can form the basis for choosing the most favorable stormwater management system for both large urban catchments and individual facilities. Thanks to the considerable flexibility of the developed decision problem structure, its widespread application can contribute to improving the efficiency of stormwater management systems. An example of the developed model’s application in a decision-making process is presented, concerning the selection of a design variant of a single-family residential building’s stormwater management system in Poland. Four design variants were included in the analysis, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process was used as the tool to select the most favorable option. This study shows that nature-based solutions are the most beneficial decision stormwater management options.
Sabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. Decision Criteria for the Development of Stormwater Management Systems in Poland. Resources 2020, 9, 20 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Daniel Słyś. Decision Criteria for the Development of Stormwater Management Systems in Poland. Resources. 2020; 9 (2):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. 2020. "Decision Criteria for the Development of Stormwater Management Systems in Poland." Resources 9, no. 2: 20.
In recent years an increase of interest in usage of renewable energy sources as a substitution of fossil fuels is being noticeable. However, the waste heat potential, which can be used as an additional source of energy for heating water in buildings, is being omitted. The sources of this heat can be grey water discharged from such sanitary facilities as showers or washing machines. In response to this issue, we took on the task to define and analyze key factors affecting the development of DWHR (Drain Water Heat Recovery) systems using PESTLE (political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental) analysis. The strengths and weaknesses of these systems were also identified. The studies were based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) modeling tools. In the Autodesk Simulation CFD software environment, a DWHR unit was made, which was then analyzed for heat exchange efficiency. The obtained results were the basis for preparing the strategy for the development of Drain Water Heat Recovery systems. It was made using the SWOT/TOWS (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats/threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths) method, which precisely orders information and allows presenting the project characteristic in readable way for a recipient. The results of the conducted analysis indicated the lack of acceptance on the part of potential users and the resulting need to promote the use of Drain Water Heat Recovery systems at residential level.
Sabina Kordana; Kamil Pochwat; Daniel Słyś; Mariusz Starzec. Opportunities and Threats of Implementing Drain Water Heat Recovery Units in Poland. Resources 2019, 8, 88 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Kamil Pochwat, Daniel Słyś, Mariusz Starzec. Opportunities and Threats of Implementing Drain Water Heat Recovery Units in Poland. Resources. 2019; 8 (2):88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Kamil Pochwat; Daniel Słyś; Mariusz Starzec. 2019. "Opportunities and Threats of Implementing Drain Water Heat Recovery Units in Poland." Resources 8, no. 2: 88.
Recovery of energy carried by greywater is possible, for instance, through application of Drain Water Heat Recovery (DWHR) units at the drain water outlet from a shower unit. This paper reports results of a study concerning assessment of rationale behind the use of two different horizontal DWHR units. The analysis, carried out in laboratory conditions proved that equipping of the unit with properly shaped baffles can significantly increase its effectiveness. The effect was observed for all flow rates and device body bottom slopes adopted for the analysis. The paper points out the effect of difference of temperatures between the preheated water and the greywater giving up the heat. The effect turned out to be small in case of the compared devices. Results presented in the paper are of a practical value and can be used as guidelines for designers and potential investors.
Kamil Pochwat; Sabina Kordana; Mariusz Starzec; Daniel Słyś. Comparison of two-prototype near-horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery units on the basis of effectiveness. Energy 2019, 173, 1196 -1207.
AMA StyleKamil Pochwat, Sabina Kordana, Mariusz Starzec, Daniel Słyś. Comparison of two-prototype near-horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery units on the basis of effectiveness. Energy. 2019; 173 ():1196-1207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamil Pochwat; Sabina Kordana; Mariusz Starzec; Daniel Słyś. 2019. "Comparison of two-prototype near-horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery units on the basis of effectiveness." Energy 173, no. : 1196-1207.
This article is aimed at defining the impact of the direction and velocity of waves of rainfall as they pass over interconnected stormwater detention tank systems. The simulations were conducted for a real urban catchment area as part of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) 5.1 programme. The results permit us to conclude that the direction and velocity of a moving wave of rainfall have a significant influence on the required volumes of interconnected stormwater detention tank systems. By comparing the modelling test results for stationary rainfall and rainfall moving over the urban catchment area, it has been demonstrated that differences in the required volume of the detention tank located at the terminal section of a stormwater drainage system are inversely proportional to the adopted value of the diameter of the outfall channel for upstream storage reservoirs. In extreme cases, the differences may be up to several dozen percentage points. Furthermore, it has been proven that the arrangement of the stormwater detention tanks in relation to one another and the adopted diameter of the outfall channel are key factors in identifying the degree to which the detention tanks are hydraulically dependent on one another.
Mariusz Starzec; Józef Dziopak; Daniel Słyś; Kamil Pochwat; Sabina Kordana. Dimensioning of Required Volumes of Interconnected Detention Tanks Taking into Account the Direction and Speed of Rain Movement. Water 2018, 10, 1826 .
AMA StyleMariusz Starzec, Józef Dziopak, Daniel Słyś, Kamil Pochwat, Sabina Kordana. Dimensioning of Required Volumes of Interconnected Detention Tanks Taking into Account the Direction and Speed of Rain Movement. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariusz Starzec; Józef Dziopak; Daniel Słyś; Kamil Pochwat; Sabina Kordana. 2018. "Dimensioning of Required Volumes of Interconnected Detention Tanks Taking into Account the Direction and Speed of Rain Movement." Water 10, no. 12: 1826.
The recovery of heat from greywater is one of the methods for reducing the energy demand on buildings. The process may be accomplished, e.g. using a Drain Water Heat Recovery (DHWR) unit installed at the shower drain. The paper analyzes the rationale for a DWHR unit being installed within a joint drain system of two separate shower installations. To this end, Net Present Values (NPV) and Profitability Indexes (PI) were calculated for the different parameters of a building shower operation. The study showed that the profitability of such investment depends not only on the installation's operation parameters but also on the type of energy carrier.
Sabina Kordana. An assessment of the potential for shower water heat recovery. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 45, 00034 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana. An assessment of the potential for shower water heat recovery. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 45 ():00034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana. 2018. "An assessment of the potential for shower water heat recovery." E3S Web of Conferences 45, no. : 00034.
Land cover changes may cause a disturbance in the water cycle, the consequence of which is an increase in the volume of stormwater runoff. In such a situation, the use of traditional stormwater systems leads to a number of problems, including the hydraulic overload of these systems and the deterioration of rivers. Therefore, stormwater management clearly affects the quality of life in a particular area. In order to facilitate effective stormwater management, the paper identifies and assesses factors that impact the sustainability of stormwater systems. Using the premises of PESTLE analysis, these factors were categorized as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, or Environmental. Assessments from an expert team were also used to identify elements that are crucial for the development of innovative solutions for stormwater management.
Sabina Kordana-Obuch. The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 45, 00033 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch. The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 45 ():00033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch. 2018. "The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems." E3S Web of Conferences 45, no. : 00033.
The paper analyses the profitability of the use of Drain Water Heat Recovery units. An original simulation model was used for this purpose, and a detached residential building located in Poland was selected as the test facility. The conducted analysis proved that the type of the hot water heater has decisive influence on the profitability level of such an investment. Application of the abovementioned technology is particularly profitable, when water is heated with the use of an electrical device. When the energy source in the system is a gas water heater, the obtained calculation results are not as favourable, and the period of investment return in many cases exceeds the expected service life of these devices. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that the potential energy savings, and thus also the financial savings, may be in both cases increased as a result of simultaneous intake of water from various water taps.
Sabina Kordana; Daniel Słys. Analysis of profitability of using a heat recovery system from grey water discharged from the shower (case study of Poland). E3S Web of Conferences 2017, 22, 85 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Daniel Słys. Analysis of profitability of using a heat recovery system from grey water discharged from the shower (case study of Poland). E3S Web of Conferences. 2017; 22 ():85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Daniel Słys. 2017. "Analysis of profitability of using a heat recovery system from grey water discharged from the shower (case study of Poland)." E3S Web of Conferences 22, no. : 85.
Kamil Pochwat; Daniel Słyś; Sabina Kordana-Obuch. The temporal variability of a rainfall synthetic hyetograph for the dimensioning of stormwater retention tanks in small urban catchments. Journal of Hydrology 2017, 549, 501 -511.
AMA StyleKamil Pochwat, Daniel Słyś, Sabina Kordana-Obuch. The temporal variability of a rainfall synthetic hyetograph for the dimensioning of stormwater retention tanks in small urban catchments. Journal of Hydrology. 2017; 549 ():501-511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamil Pochwat; Daniel Słyś; Sabina Kordana-Obuch. 2017. "The temporal variability of a rainfall synthetic hyetograph for the dimensioning of stormwater retention tanks in small urban catchments." Journal of Hydrology 549, no. : 501-511.
E3S Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in environment, energy and earth sciences
Sabina Kordana-Obuch. SWOT analysis of wastewater heat recovery systems application. E3S Web of Conferences 2017, 17, 00042 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch. SWOT analysis of wastewater heat recovery systems application. E3S Web of Conferences. 2017; 17 ():00042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch. 2017. "SWOT analysis of wastewater heat recovery systems application." E3S Web of Conferences 17, no. : 00042.
Agnieszka Stec; Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Daniel Słyś. Analysing the financial efficiency of use of water and energy saving systems in single-family homes. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 151, 193 -205.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Stec, Sabina Kordana-Obuch, Daniel Słyś. Analysing the financial efficiency of use of water and energy saving systems in single-family homes. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 151 ():193-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Stec; Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Daniel Słyś. 2017. "Analysing the financial efficiency of use of water and energy saving systems in single-family homes." Journal of Cleaner Production 151, no. : 193-205.
Sabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. WSPOMAGANIE DECYZJI O WYBORZE OPTYMALNEGO ROZWIĄZANIA SYSTEMU PRZYGOTOWANIA CIEPŁEJ WODY. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Daniel Słyś. WSPOMAGANIE DECYZJI O WYBORZE OPTYMALNEGO ROZWIĄZANIA SYSTEMU PRZYGOTOWANIA CIEPŁEJ WODY. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. 2016. "WSPOMAGANIE DECYZJI O WYBORZE OPTYMALNEGO ROZWIĄZANIA SYSTEMU PRZYGOTOWANIA CIEPŁEJ WODY." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture , no. : 1.
Sabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. ANALIZA SWOT ZASTOSOWANIA SYSTEMÓW INFILTRACJI WÓD OPADOWYCH NA TERENIE OSIEDLI MIESZKANIOWYCH. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Daniel Słyś. ANALIZA SWOT ZASTOSOWANIA SYSTEMÓW INFILTRACJI WÓD OPADOWYCH NA TERENIE OSIEDLI MIESZKANIOWYCH. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. 2016. "ANALIZA SWOT ZASTOSOWANIA SYSTEMÓW INFILTRACJI WÓD OPADOWYCH NA TERENIE OSIEDLI MIESZKANIOWYCH." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture , no. : 1.
Gray water recycling and economical use of rainwater can be a valuable alternative source of water, especially for non-potable uses. These sources are seen as the basis of change in waters management, which gives a possibility of protection of still shrinking water resources. Taking into account continuing urbanization and population growth in the world, not only the management of water resources requires a change in attitudes, but also the management and conservation of conventional fuels that energy is generated of, and that are required for the development and functioning of urban areas. Bearing this in mind, some studies have been performed in order to establish the cost-effectiveness of application systems capable of reducing the demand for tap water and electricity used to heat it. A financial analysis with an application of the Life Cycle Cost methodology has been conducted for a multi-family residential building for seven different variants of installation of water and sewage, which assumed the use of the following solutions: gray water harvesting system, rainwater harvesting system and drain water heat recovery units. This analysis showed that the use of these systems in the tested building is financially viable, despite the fact that their implementation is associated with incurring higher investment cost than in the base case (Variant 0). The study was expanded by a sensitivity analysis on the basis of which it was possible to conclude that the project involving the use of alternative sources of pending water and energy in this building is only slightly susceptible to changes in calculation parameters.
Agnieszka Stec; Sabina Kordana-Obuch. Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 105, 84 -94.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Stec, Sabina Kordana-Obuch. Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2015; 105 ():84-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Stec; Sabina Kordana-Obuch. 2015. "Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 105, no. : 84-94.
The increase of hardscapes causes number of problems associated with the rainwater harvesting. It requires the realization of sustainable rainwater management, which would be in line with the law. This paper analyses the law regulations on rainwater management in Poland.
Daniel Słyś; Sabina Kordana; Józef Dziopak. The Law Regulations on the Subject of Rainwater Management in Poland. Thermal Springs and Geothermal Energy in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Surroundings 2015, 197 -210.
AMA StyleDaniel Słyś, Sabina Kordana, Józef Dziopak. The Law Regulations on the Subject of Rainwater Management in Poland. Thermal Springs and Geothermal Energy in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Surroundings. 2015; ():197-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Słyś; Sabina Kordana; Józef Dziopak. 2015. "The Law Regulations on the Subject of Rainwater Management in Poland." Thermal Springs and Geothermal Energy in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Surroundings , no. : 197-210.
Sabina Kordana-Obuch; Daniel Słyś; Józef Dziopak. Rationalization of water and energy consumption in shower systems of single-family dwelling houses. Journal of Cleaner Production 2014, 82, 58 -69.
AMA StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch, Daniel Słyś, Józef Dziopak. Rationalization of water and energy consumption in shower systems of single-family dwelling houses. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014; 82 ():58-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana-Obuch; Daniel Słyś; Józef Dziopak. 2014. "Rationalization of water and energy consumption in shower systems of single-family dwelling houses." Journal of Cleaner Production 82, no. : 58-69.
Sabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. Life cycle costs analysis of infiltration boxes. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 2014, XXXI, 127 -139.
AMA StyleSabina Kordana, Daniel Słyś. Life cycle costs analysis of infiltration boxes. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture. 2014; XXXI (61 (3/I/14):127-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabina Kordana; Daniel Słyś. 2014. "Life cycle costs analysis of infiltration boxes." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture XXXI, no. 61 (3/I/14: 127-139.