Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) arises from dysbiosis in the small intestine, manifesting with abdominal symptoms. This study aims to assess the efficacy of combined antibiotic therapy, herbal supplements, probiotics, and dietary modifications in SIBO management. A total of 179 SIBO-diagnosed patients underwent clinical evaluation and breath testing. Patients were categorized into hydrogen (H₂-SIBO) and methane (CH₄-SIBO) groups. The control group received standard antibiotic therapy and a low-FODMAP diet, while the intervention group received additional herbal antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics. After treatment, both groups exhibited reduced gas levels, particularly in CH₄-SIBO. Clinical remission rates were higher in the intervention group, especially in CH₄-SIBO cases. Logistic regression analysis showed gas concentrations at diagnosis as significant predictors of treatment success. In conclusion, adjunctive herbal supplements and probiotics did not significantly impact gas levels, but showed potential for clinical improvement, especially in CH₄-SIBO.

Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a dysbiosis marked by an excessive proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine, resulting in abdominal symptoms that significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive therapeutic approach in improving the quality of life of patients with SIBO. Methods: For this purpose, standardized questionnaires were used at baseline, 30 days and 90 days, including the IBS-QOL (Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire), the GSRS (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), the EuroQOL-5D, and the Bristol Scale. Results: The results show that a comprehensive approach, combining pharmacological treatment, appropriate dietary intervention, and strategies aimed at improving gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, produces a sustained improvement in the quality of life of a significant proportion of patients who participated in the study. Furthermore, the results suggest that, although gas normalization is a relevant indicator, clinical improvement and quality of life depend considerably on patients’ subjective perception of their health. Conclusions: This finding underscores the importance of recognizing SIBO as a prevalent condition that requires accurate diagnoses and individualized treatments to improve patients’ well-being.

Protein c-Myb is a therapeutic target. Some sesquiterpene lactones suppress Myb-dependent gene expression, which results in a mechanism for their potential anti-cancer activity. Database ChEMBL is representative of lactones for physicochemical and physiochemical properties. Data presented for 31 natural lactones are discussed in terms of quantitative structure–activity relationships, which objective is to predict inhibitors of Myb-induced gene expression. Several constitutional descriptors are related to structure–activity. a‑Methylene‑g‑lactone groups enhance while OH functions worsen potency. The latter feature is in agreement with the fact that the more lipophilic the lactone, the greater the cytotoxicity because of the ability to cross lipoidal biomembranes. In general, numbers of p-systems and atoms, and polarizability enhance activity. Linear and nonlinear structure–activity models are developed, between lactones of a great structural diversity, to predict inhibitors of Myb-induced gene expression. Four variables (ML, UNC, TCO+OCOR, UNC+UNA) related to ATOM show a positive correlation because of the partial anionic and H-acceptor characters of O-atom. In most, CO group is conjugated. Term OH shows negative coefficients because of the partial cationic quality of H-atom and because OH forms H-bonds with CO, causing them to be less H-acceptor. s‑trans‑s‑trans‑Germacranolide structure is the most active. Coefficients standard errors result acceptable in almost all equations. After cross-validation, linear equations for lactones, pseudoguaianolides and germacranolides are the most predictive. Most descriptors are constitutional variables.