Global climate change has resulted in an increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme events. However, we know very little about the associations between large temperature changes lasting for several days (LTCD) and CVD, particularly in less-developed, rural areas. We collected daily data on cardiovascular-related diseases and weather conditions from 119 villages in seven counties between 2010 and 2016. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to investigate the association between LTCD and relative risk (RR) of hospital admissions for CVD. Analyses were stratified by the duration and intensity of LTCD, age, and sex. The RR of CVD increases with the intensity and duration of LTCD. Men and young people were more vulnerable to LTCD of longer duration and higher intensity than women and old. Our findings may help local public health authorities develop adaptive preventive strategies targeting inhabitants of villages.

The study mainly analyzed the relationship between temperature and the upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in Lanzhou. We collected the daily URI and meteorological data from 2010 to 2015. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the relationship and potential effects of different temperatures and different lag days on the morbidity of URI. The results showed that the morbidity of URI was significantly related to the meteorological factors, and the peak of the onset of the disease usually occurred between November and February the next year. The correlation analysis was carried out between meteorological factors and URI cases, and the result revealed that the daily morbidity of URI in Lanzhou was related to air temperature, air pressure, and wind speed. The exposure effect curve of average daily temperature to different sex and different age groups in Lanzhou displayed an M-shaped. Temperature had a certain lag effect on the daily morbidity of URI. For low temperature, it appeared on the present day, and the maximum impact appeared at lag 2 days and persisted for 12 days. The female was more vulnerable than the male, and the impact was obvious in teenagers and the elderly and not obvious in adult. Meteorological factors play an important role in the occurrence of URI in Lanzhou, but the main factor is low temperature. Temperature can trigger the morbidity of URI directly; it can induce various symptoms of URI (such as cold, sore throat and rhinitis) and directly affect the distribution of URI in the population.

Organizational green innovation critically depends on the proactive engagement of employees. Integrating social cognitive and nudge theories, this study examines how green innovation self-efficacy (GISE)-employees' belief in their ability to drive green change-develops through behavioral interventions. Using a randomized controlled design with 1687 employees from ecologically fragile regions in China, we tested four nudge strategies (framing, mental accounting, social norms, and priming) across expectation, intention, and action stages. Results from three sequential experiments show that each nudge significantly enhances GISE, with effect sizes increasing stepwise. Heterogeneity analyses reveal differential effects by gender, tenure, managerial position, and firm ownership. This research clarifies GISE's conceptual foundations, extends nudge theory to green innovation, and uncovers the cognitive-behavioral pathway from belief formation to action. Practically, it offers non-coercive, scalable tools for fostering employee-driven green innovation in ecologically fragile and other organizational contexts.