After the winemaking process, the residues formed are called wine lees, which represent a mixture of autolyzed yeasts deposited at the bottom of wine-storage tanks. Approximately 2.96 million tons of yeast result from the vinification of 49.4 million tons of grapes. The increased costs of removing these by-products from the wine industry, which is no longer required in the production process, offer us the opportunity to capitalize on various bioactive compounds through the circular economy concept and circular process. Wine lees resulting from the large-scale production of wine represent a raw material for the valorization of phenolic compounds, proteins, and polysaccharides, as well as pigments or organic compounds. The substantial nutrient resources available from wine lees are described extensively in this manuscript and range from vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids to food supplements, edible packaging, or food products such as bakery products. This review article explores the emerging horizons of winery waste utilization, unveiling the abundance of bioactive compounds and their manifold applications across the industrial realm.

The rapid growth of the global population, urbanization, and intensive livestock production has led to a surge in organic waste generation and an increasing demand for sustainable feed sources. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) larvae have emerged as a promising solution by converting organic waste into valuable biomass. These larvae efficiently degrade a variety of substrates—such as food waste, agricultural by-products, and animal manure—transforming them into protein- and fat-rich biomass suitable for animal feed, biofertilizers, and other applications. This review summarizes recent developments in the use of BSF larvae for waste-to-feed bioconversion. It explores larval growth performance, feed substrate characteristics, nutritional composition of the biomass, processing advancements, and safety considerations. BSF larvae consistently demonstrate high conversion rates and generate biomass rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, making them ideal feed ingredients for poultry, pigs, aquaculture species, and pets. Research has advanced in optimizing rearing conditions and post-processing methods, improving efficiency and product quality. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including the need for substrate standardization, microbial risk control, cost reduction, and the development of scalable systems for industrial adoption. The review also addresses regulatory frameworks and social acceptance issues that influence the commercialization of BSF-based products. Hermetia illucens larvae offer an environmentally sound and innovative approach to tackling organic waste management while contributing to sustainable protein production. Their successful integration into circular economy models depends on further technological improvements, supportive policies, and stakeholder collaboration. With continued efforts from researchers, industry, and regulators, BSF bioconversion has the potential to revolutionize waste treatment and animal nutrition, supporting a more resilient and resource-efficient food system.

The growing demand for sustainable protein in animal production has increased interest in insects as alternative feed ingredients, especially in poultry nutrition. Insects are nutrient-rich, providing high-quality protein, lipids, essential amino acids, and bioactive compounds that support growth, health, and feed efficiency. Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), and crickets (Acheta domesticus) are among the most studied species, showing potential to replace conventional protein sources such as soybean meal and fishmeal. Insect-based feeds improve nutrient utilization, gut health, and reduce environmental impact by valorizing agricultural and food by-products, contributing to circular economy models. This review evaluates the nutritional, environmental, and regulatory aspects of insect-based feeds. A comprehensive synthesis of recent literature was conducted, focusing on composition, functional properties, safety, and sustainability. Findings indicate that Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, and Acheta domesticus provide high-quality protein and bioactive compounds that enhance poultry growth performance and feed efficiency. Insect utilization transforms organic waste into protein-rich biomass, reducing environmental impact. However, large-scale adoption is limited by production costs, regulatory inconsistencies, and safety concerns. Practical implications stress the need for standardized safety and quality frameworks, cost-effective mass-rearing technologies, and long-term feeding trials. Overall, insect farming offers a sustainable strategy to enhance resource efficiency, food security, and environmental resilience in animal production.

Результати вирощування молодняку свиней з включенням до раціонів пробіотиків і пребіотиків

Poultry farming ranks among the most rapidly expanding sectors of global agriculture, significantly contributing to food availability, improved dietary quality, and economic stability in rural areas. The sector’s efficiency stems from short production cycles and the ability to convert agricultural by-products into high-quality protein, energy, and essential nutrients. Despite these benefits, the growing scale of poultry production raises serious environmental concerns, including intensive use of land and water, high feed demand, and impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrient balance, and water quality. This study examines the poultry industry in the Republic of Moldova, where it forms a crucial component of the agricultural economy. Drawing on recent statistical data and scientific literature, the article reviews production dynamics, farm structures, and technological adoption, offering a comprehensive overview of the sector’s current state. The findings highlight both the sector’s essential role in strengthening food security and rural livelihoods and its susceptibility to resource limitations and environmental pressures. The analysis emphasizes the importance of implementing precision livestock farming technologies, improving biosecurity, and promoting environmentally sustainable practices as key strategies for long-term sector resilience. These insights aim to support policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to ensure a competitive and sustainable poultry industry in Moldova.

The primary objectives include the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Moldova and ensuring the population has access to quality products. The assessment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of milk production and processing in the country, reflects the dynamics of the dairy industry's development and highlights the main issues that need solutions; hence, research on this matter remains relevant.The aim of this study was to analyze both the quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk production, at the educational dairy farm of the Technical University in Moldova. Additionally, a review of research on the development of recipes based on feedstock and an examination of factors influencing the quality of dairy products were conducted. It was concluded that overall, the quality of milk at the educational dairy farm, in terms of fat and density content, and organoleptic properties, is good.