Carsharing has received considerable attention as a sustainable mobility paradigm. Various service designs and dynamic business environments have increased the decision complexity for the carsharing business. Therefore, carsharing operators require a tool for assessing business development from holistic perspectives. This research provides a framework for outlining the requirements of the carsharing system with holistic perspectives of stakeholders being considered, as well as to derive assessment metrics for examining carsharing development. To create the framework, the system modeling tool, context diagram, was adopted to map out the interactions of externalities with the system and the requirements of the system. Eight assessment metrics: the market condition, business advantage, parking condition, electric vehicle deployment, self-serving configuration, vehicle reservation, vehicle maintenance, and pricing scheme, were eventually identified from the system modeling. From these dimensions, we review 24 carsharing cases from China, Europe, Japan, and the United States, and we summarize discrepancies among different marketplaces and some managerial insights on carsharing development, such as carsharing motivators and inhibitors, innovations in respect of different business backgrounds, approaches of increasing parking privileges, approaches of increasing electrifications, essential digital features, reservation regimes, methods of vehicle maintenances, and service pricing regimes.

Subjective evaluation of individuals is crucial for adopting new mobility services. This study aims to understand the acceptability of two newly emerged personal e-mobility services—shared e-motorcycle and e-scooter services―and the subjective evaluations underlying their acceptability. A questionnaire survey was administered across Japan in December 2023 to understand the factors underlying acceptability. The survey included questions about the acceptance of shared e-motorcycles and e-scooters and questions related to measuring subjective factors, trust, perceived usability, positive and negative perceptions, and positive and negative affect. An ordered probit model was used to identify factors influencing acceptability. The results showed that subjective factors, such as experience with similar existing services, trust in the new mobility service, perceived usability, system usability scale, and positive and negative perceptions of the new mobility service, significantly affected an individual’s acceptability. For instance, an individual’s experience with bicycle sharing increases their intention to use e-motorcycles and share scooters. In addition, individuals who trust mobility and sharing services are more likely to use shared personal e-mobility services. The use of shared e-motorcycles and e-scooters was significantly driven by perceived usability—related to easy access to shared mobility. Finally, positive perceptions of personal e-mobility sharing significantly increased acceptability, whereas negative perceptions had the opposite effect.