Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications as those possess high proliferation potential with multilineage differentiation capacity compare to other sources of adult stem cells; therefore, hDPSCs could be the good source for autologous transplantation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study stem cells were isolated from dental pulp and were characterised by flowcytometry and immunocytochemistry. The controlled cells as well as, 7-day cultured cells were positive for transcription factors, OCT 4 and SOX 2 thatconfirmed isolated cellsasmesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells showed positive expression for CD 19, CD 73, CD 90, CD 105 and are negative for CD 34, CD 45. Viability of hDPSCS were studied by trypan blue (TB) staining and fluorescent microscopic study. After 7 days of passaging by using several growth factors, cells express neural cell markers oligodendrocyte and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Specifically, osteocytes were grown from dental pulp MSCSsin vitro with the help of growth factors, dexamethasone, ascorbic acid-2- phosphate and β-glycerophosphate whereas, adipocytes were grown with indomethacin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and insulin. Osteocytes and adipocytes were characterized by von Kossa and Oil red O staining, respectively. Chromosomal analysis of dental pulp-MSCs was done for qualitative assessment of MSCs. Karyotyping indicated diploid chromosome number in dental pulp derived MSCs. In vitro grown osteocytes could be used for bone fracture reunion cases, and adipocytes could be used for further research purposes.

This in vitro study evaluated bacterial cell proliferation and biofilm adhesion on titanium discs with and without antibacterial surface treatment to reduce the chances of peri-implant infections. Hexagonal boron nitride with 99.5% purity was converted to hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets via the liquid phase exfoliation process. The spin coating method was used for uniform coating of h-BNNSs over titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) discs. Two groups of titanium discs were formed: Group I (n = 10) BN-coated titanium discs and Group II (n = 10) uncoated titanium discs. Two bacterial strains, Streptococcus mutans (initial colonizers) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (secondary colonizers), were used. A zone of inhibition test, microbial colony forming units assay, and crystal violet staining assay were used to evaluate bacterial cell viability. Surface characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.0 was used to analyze the results. The data were analyzed for probability distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and a non-parametric test of significance was applied. An inter-group comparison was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. A statistically significant increase was observed in the bactericidal action of BN-coated discs compared to uncoated discs against S. mutans, but no statistically significant difference was found against F. nucleatum.

Introduction: Occupational or work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) vastly prevail among dental professionals. This review aims to summarize the prevalence of WMSDs and ergonomic interventions for the prevention of WMSDs among dental professionals. Methods: Thorough literature search was done using scientific databases. The terms musculoskeletal disorders among dentists/dental professionals/ hygienists in dentistry, occupational or work-related MSDs, ergonomics, ergonomic interventions, and several combinations were used as keywords. Articles published in the English language only were included. Abstracts, thesis work, and other languages were excluded. Results: Our findings revealed several studies showing the prevalence of WMSD among dental professionals and ergonomic interventions to prevent MSDs among dental professionals. Conclusion: Dental practice is highly challenging both in terms of physical and mental status there is a need for continuing efforts to discover innovative preventive strategies, to reduce the prevalence of WMSDs. This article guides dental professionals to incorporate the proper ergonomic methods in their early stages of day-to-day work, for long-term and healthy dental practice.

To analyze the incidence of maxillofacial fractures due to motor vehicle accidents in Dubai, as well as age, sex, etiology, patterns, treatment, and complications. To compare the findings with similar studies and provide recommendations for the prevention and management of these fractures. A 7-year retrospective study of maxillofacial fractures due to motor vehicle accidents was done. We found that most of the accidents took place in December, and the majority of the patients were pedestrians (27%). Male to female ratio was 6:1, and patients in their third decade of life were the most affected (39%). The parasymphysis was the most prominently affected region (27.7%), followed by the orbital bone (18.6%). Open reduction surgery was done in 56% of the cases, and postoperative complications were found in 18.4%. Pedestrians were most commonly involved in the accidents. An increase in awareness, trauma centers, and better facilities would perhaps improve the management of such fractures.