With the rapid increase in the number of various terminal devices in distribution systems, the important impact of communication networks on power supply reliability in cyber–physical distribution systems (CPDSs) is becoming increasingly prominent. The traditional wired communication method makes it difficult to meet the demand in some scenarios due to high cost and construction difficulty. For this reason, this study evaluated the reliability of power distribution cyber–physical systems, considering fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology wireless access conditions. First, a reliability model of a communication channel in a 5G communication network was established, and the indirect impact of information system failure on the power distribution system was analyzed. Secondly, a reliability assessment method based on the improved least path method was devised by combining switch action failure, self-healing processing, and load transfer. The simulation results show that 5G communication technology has significant advantages in improving system reliability, and the proposed method is closer to the development direction of future power distribution systems, which provides an effective reference basis for the optimized operation of power distribution cyber–physical systems.

With the existing reliability evaluation methods, it is difficult to realize the overall evaluation of multi-voltage levels distribution systems, and sense-control terminal faults are not considered in the process of reliability evaluation. Therefore, a reliability evaluation method for multi-voltage levels distribution networks considering the influence of the fault of the sensing and control terminal is proposed. Firstly, based on the component reliability model, system state selection method, and reliability index, a reliability evaluation method for distribution networks considering sense-control terminal faults has been proposed. Secondly, the features of a multi-voltage levels distribution network are analyzed. The sequential Monte Carlo simulation method and the failure mode effects analysis method are combined, and a collaborative evaluation method for power supply reliability of multi-voltage levels distribution systems is proposed. Eventually, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by an example comparison, and the impact of the terminal fault on the reliability of distribution network is analyzed. The reliability evaluation results can provide technical support for the planning of the distribution network.

Ocean islands possess abundant renewable energy resources, providing favorable conditions for developing offshore clean energy microgrids. However, geographical isolation poses significant challenges for direct energy transfer between islands. Recent electrolysis and hydrogen storage technology advancements have created new opportunities for distributed energy utilization in these remote areas. This paper presents a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy designed explicitly for distant oceanic islands, incorporating energy self-sufficiency rates and seasonal hydrogen storage (SHS). We propose a power supply model for offshore islands considering hydrogen production from offshore wind power. The proposed model minimizes operational and carbon emission costs while maximizing energy self-sufficiency. It considers the operational constraints of the island’s energy system, the offshore transportation network, the hydrogen storage infrastructure, and the electricity-hydrogen-transportation coupling of hydrogen storage (HS) and seasonal hydrogen storage (SHS) services. To optimize the dispatch process, this study employs an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) combined with the Differential Evolution method to enhance population diversity and refine the position updating mechanism. Simulation results demonstrate that integrating HS and SHS effectively enhances energy self-sufficiency and reduces carbon emissions. For instance, hydrogenation costs decreased by 21.4% after optimization, and the peak-valley difference was reduced by 16%. These findings validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.