Surgical intervention in the pancreas region is complex and carries the risk of complications, also of vascular nature. Bleeding after pancreatic surgery is rare but characterized by high mortality. This review reports epidemiology, classification, diagnosis and treatment strategies of hemorrhage occurring after pancreatic surgery, focusing on the techniques, roles and outcomes of interventional radiology (IR) in this setting. We then describe the roles and techniques of IR in the treatment of other less common types of vascular complications after pancreatic surgery, such as portal vein (PV) stenosis, portal hypertension and bleeding of varices.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a proven and widely accepted treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma and it is recommended as first-line non-curative therapy for BCLC B/intermediate HCC (preserved liver function, multifocal, no cancer-related symptoms) in patients without vascular involvement. Different types of TACE are available nowadays, including TAE, c-TACE, DEB-TACE, and DSM-TACE, but at present there is insufficient evidence to recommend one TACE technique over another and the choice is left to the operator. This review then aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on indications, types of procedures, safety, and efficacy of different TACE treatments.

Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy is one of the oldest and most widely known minimally invasive percutaneous procedures. Despite being conceptually simple, this procedure needs to be performed rapidly and can be subject to meaningful complications that need to be managed properly. Therefore, knowledge of principles and techniques is required by every general or interventional radiologist who performs the procedure. This review aims to contain all the information that the operator needs to know before performing the procedure. The paper starts with the description of indications, devices, and types of percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsies, along with their reported results in the literature. Then, pre-procedural evaluation and the practical aspects to be considered during procedure (i.e., patient positioning and breathing) are discussed. The subsequent section is dedicated to complications, with their incidence, risk factors, and the evidence-based measures necessary to both prevent or manage them; special attention is given to pneumothorax and hemorrhage. After conventional CT, this review describes other available CT modalities, including CT fluoroscopy and cone-beam CT. At the end, more advanced techniques, which are already used in clinical practice, like fusion imaging, are included.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a critical condition that demands rapid and accurate diagnosis, for which computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is widely recognized as the diagnostic gold standard. However, recent advancements in imaging technologies—such as dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), photon-counting CT (PCD-CT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—offer promising enhancements to traditional diagnostic methods. This study reviews past, current and emerging technologies, focusing on their potential to optimize diagnostic accuracy, reduce contrast volumes and radiation doses, and streamline clinical workflows. DECT, with its dual-energy imaging capabilities, enhances image clarity even with lower contrast media volumes, thus reducing patient risk. Meanwhile, PCD-CT has shown potential for dose reduction and superior image resolution, particularly in challenging cases. AI-based tools further augment diagnostic speed and precision by assisting radiologists in image analysis, consequently decreasing workloads and expediting clinical decision-making. Collectively, these innovations hold promise for improved clinical management of PE, enabling not only more accurate diagnoses but also safer, more efficient patient care. Further research is necessary to fully integrate these advancements into routine clinical practice, potentially redefining diagnostic workflows for PE and enhancing patient outcomes.