Background: In today’s world, the upper cross syndrome is growing more common and becoming very prevalent among dental undergraduate practitioners. One of the most important conditions for which dentists seek physiotherapy treatment is neck pain. It is characterized by overactive pectoralis and trapezius muscles. It is frequently linked to poor posture in dental students' daily life, causing them to miss their work. Objectives: The first objective of our study was to find the efficacy of myofascial rollers and post-isometric relaxation technique along with conventional therapy for pain relief and correction of postural deviation in undergraduate dental students. And, the second objective of the study was to compare the effect of myofascial rollers and post-isometric relaxation techniques in upper cross syndrome. Methods: The study was conducted with pre-test and post-test methods. The study consisted of 80 participants who were included based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample was randomly assigned into two groups. Each group consisted of a total of 40 participants. Group A was treated using myofascial rollers and hot packs, and Group B was treated using the post-isometric relaxation technique and hot packs. Patients were asked to mark their intensity of pain on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and an assessment of postural deviations (in mm) was noted through a plumb line in the posture grid. Posture assessment was done in lateral view. The protocol covered four weeks of treatment based on the defined protocol. Finally, the t-square test and Chi-square test were used to compare the difference in the result. Also, the level of significance was kept at <0.05. Result: Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using student paired, unpaired, and chi-square test. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale showed mean deviations of (4.15±1.29) for Group A and (3.30±1.01) for Group B. Plumb line assessment showed mean deviations of (9.09±4.31) for Group A and (6.33±2.36) for Group B. Also, Numerical Pain Rating Scale showed (t=3.26, p=0.002) and Plumb line deviation showed (t=3.57, p=0.001). Conclusion: Through our study, we conclude that statistically no significant differences were found in pre-intervention and post-intervention, but myofascial rollers gave better results as compared to the post-isometric relaxation technique in alleviating pain and correcting postural deviation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological illness characterized by various motor and nonmotor symptoms that can lead to varying degrees of functional impairment. Key neuropathological findings include Lewy bodies containing synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, reducing the facilitation of voluntary movements. The disease is marked by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Here, we present the case of a 56-year-old man who sought neurorehabilitation due to tremors, slowness of movements, and weakness. The rehabilitation plan was carefully devised with weekly goals. The rehabilitation spanned six weeks, during which the individual showed positive improvement in all measured outcomes. Virtual reality and exergame technologies have emerged as prominent tools for enhancing balance and gait in PD. Our study utilized outcome measures such as the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale, and the Barthel Index. Neurophysiotherapy plays a significant role in enhancing a patient's functional rehabilitation.

Cerebellar ataxia is caused by several hereditary or acquired aetiologies that eventually lead to abnormalities in the cerebellum. Patients with cerebellar ataxia may experience balance issues, eye movement abnormalities, limb incoordination, gait instability, and speech impairment as a result. The available treatment options for cerebellar ataxia are rather limited, causing many patients to struggle with daily activities. Although the success rate of a range of therapeutic interventions has been determined, evidence-based exercise guidelines for the treatment of balance disorders and associated problems in people with cerebellar ataxia are currently unavailable. Thus, physiotherapists must explore novel approaches to successfully manage the symptoms of ataxia and further improve the quality of life of patients. The current study protocol will provide new insight as no article available to date has looked at trunk and pelvis stabilization exercise programme as an intervention for treating cerebellar ataxia. We hereby propose a study, which aims to investigate the impact of conventional exercises and trunk and pelvis stabilization exercises along with conventional exercises on subjects with Cerebellar ataxia in a two-arm randomized controlled trial on improving SARA, TIS, BBS, Barthel Index, WHOQOL The total participants will be divided into two-arm parallel groups and the intervention will be given for complete 6 weeks, 5 days in a week. The outcome measure will be evaluated at baseline and the end of 6 weeks. The results will be evaluated after 6 weeks. If the hypothesis of our study proves to be effective, then this physiotherapy intervention could be included in the management of cerebellar ataxia

Diaphragmatic hernia of an idiopathic cause is a rare pathology that occurs due to absence of any trauma or congenital cause. The aim of the study was to report a case of left-sided diaphragmatic hernia without traumatic aetiology. A 59-year-old male had complained of epigastric pain, vomiting, nausea, and breathing difficulties for the past 15 days. After investigations and diagnosis of the condition, the patient subsequently underwent laparotomy surgery to repair the defect. Outcome measures like FIM, NPRS, Incentive Spirometry, ICU-MS, CPaX, and HADS were used to assess the recovery of the patient. Surgical management of the condition was achieved, but to bring the patient back to his pre-pathology life without signs of breathlessness, and fatigue, a comprehensively designed physiotherapy rehabilitation is very beneficial. Our case report is the first-ever report made on physiotherapy management of diaphragmatic hernia after surgery. Tele-rehabilitation had been absolutely vital in patient follow-up.

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a condition that involves damage to axons at a microscopic level. The most common mechanism involves sudden accelerating/decelerating motion that leads to shearing forces in the white matter tract of the brain. The gross damage to axons in the brain occurs at the junction of gray and white matter. Clinical management is a framework for increasing organizational capacity, assimilating evidence-based best practices, and improving the quality of outcomes in physical therapy. A 17-year-old male reported to the hospital with a history of head injury after a fall from a bike. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed the possibility of grade II diffuse axonal injury. Since physiotherapy is used to gain maximum functional independence, the treatment’s consistency becomes the most crucial component. The physiotherapy management was provided with various integrative approaches such as passive stretching, task-oriented approaches, and bowel-bladder retraining exercises. Outcome measures such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Tardieu Scale, Rancho Los Amigos Scale (RLAS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used to assess the progress of the patient. Hence, we conclude that consistency in performing physiotherapy exercises aids in achieving maximum functional independence and further aids in improving the quality of life of patients.

The progressive nature of Parkinson's disease and its associated motor and non-motor symptoms can lead to various complications when patients experience immobilization, exacerbating existing motor impairments and potentially giving rise to secondary health issues. The variability, progression, and management of tremors in PD can be challenging. Due to low bone mass density, patients with Parkinson's disease are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. The lack of movement can worsen muscle rigidity and stiffness, leading to contractures and a decreased range of motion in joints. Additionally, immobility may contribute to cardiovascular deconditioning, orthostatic hypotension, and an increased risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on specific areas of the body. In this case report, we hereby report a case of Parkinson's disease further complicated by sinus discharge from the ulcer. This case report describes the putative effects of low-level laser therapy on discharging sinus from the wound secondary to a diabetic ulcer in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Achieving an ideal level of functional independence and preventing problems associated with extended immobility are essential goals of structured physical therapy postoperative care. This may assist the patient in returning to their pre-injury position more quickly. Our patient underwent several interventions for wound healing, including proprioception training, tremor management, improving dynamic trunk balance, and pain control measures. Clinical outcome measures like the Barthel Index, lower extremity functional scale, and Visual-Analog Scale were used to assess the progress of the patient. Managing these interconnected conditions requires a multi-disciplinary approach.