Adhesion molecules play an important role in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of

Background: Physiological aging can now be considered as a multi-factorial process that is associated with anatomical and signaling changes associated with endocrine function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women. Materials and methods: Forty healthy aged women (age: 67.35 ± 1.40 years) were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group: resistance followed by endurance training (ER, n = 12), endurance training followed by resistance training (RE, n = 12, interval resistance-endurance (RE) training (INT, n = 12) and a control (Con, n = 12) groups. The training program was done over 12 weeks, 3 times per week. Endurance training was performed on a cycle ergometer (intensity: 60–90% maximum heart rate) and resistance training involved selected resistance exercises (intensity: 40–75 one-repetition maximum, 8–18 repeats). All participants were evaluated before and after the training period. Results and conclusion: The data showed that performing resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise did not influence the adaptive response of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p = 0.07), growth hormone (p = 0.35), cortisol (p = 0.20), insulin (p = 0.72), epinephrine (p = 0.83) and norepinephrine (p = 0.86) levels throughout the study. However, when comparing pre and post, no significant differences were shown following combined training within the SE, ES and INT groups for all variables (p < 0.05), except of IGF-1 within ES (p = 0.04) and SE (p = 0.02), and testosterone within ES (p = 0.007). In conclusion, combined training with RE order may be more effective than other orders for increasing anabolic status in aged women.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and physical inactivity increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and certain cancers. Exercise training and increased fitness promote positive changes in body composition and improve insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sequence order of combined strength and endurance training on new adiposity indices: visceral adiposity index (VAI), body adiposity index (BAI) and waist to hip ratio (WHtR) in overweight elderly women. METHODS: Forty overweight elderly women (age range: 60.34 [ ] 0.82 years old) were selected purposefully and randomly assigned into four groups: endurance, then strength (E[ ] [ ]S) ([ ]), strength, then endurance (S[ ]E) ([ ]), alternative concurrent training (ACT) ([ ]), and control ([ ]) groups. Training was performed three times per week for eight weeks. Endurance training performed on a cycle ergometer (intensity: 60–88% MHR) and strength training included several selected exercises targeting upper and lower body (intensity: 40–75 1RM, 8–18 repeat). RESULTS: The results showed that the amount of weight, BMI, body fat percentage, BAI and WHtR have significantly decreased in E [ ] S, S [ ] E and ACT experimental groups ([ ] 0.05). No significant differences were found in VAI variable and triglyceride with sequence order of E [ ] S and S [ ] E, but after sequence order of ACT a significant decrease was seen in both variables ([ ] 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three combined training groups for the mentioned variables ([ ] 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sequence does not seem to play a role in the positive effect on current adiposity indices of the investigated training programs.

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences