In recent years, the frequent occurrence of slope failures has brought the issue of slope problems to the forefront of widespread public concern, which significantly impedes progress toward the secure and sustainable development of open-pit mines. And, high and steep slopes of weak rock strata, being a more complex type of slope, pose a greater potential for danger. In order to ensure the reliability of the safety evaluation results of the high and steep open-pit slope containing soft rocks, an evaluation index system with quantized grade intervals was created based on the thought of an analytic hierarchy process, and the MATLAB R2021a was used to calculate the numerical characteristic values of the cloud model. Then, a standard stability cloud model based on cloud theory was established. With the opening pit mine as an example, its slope stability practice cloud image was generated and the similarity between this image and the grades of the cloud model was calculated through the ECM algorithm to effectively identify the stability and verify the scientificity and validity of the model. The results show that the similarity between the practice cloud image and the standard stability cloud image for the total evaluation of the stability of an open-pit mine is 0.021, 0.279, 0.594, and 0.106, respectively. The slope stability is at grade C, which is basically consistent with the numerical simulation and the analysis results of the traditional limit equilibrium method, verifying that the model is scientific and effective to a certain extent. The method provides substantial guidance to ensure production safety in this specific open-pit mine. It provides ideas and means for other similar complex slope stability analysis and prevention. Meanwhile, it promotes the safe and sustainable development of open-pit mines.

The restoration and treatment of underground voids have always posed significant challenges for constructing environmentally sustainable mines. To investigate the effectiveness of a combined approach involving waste rock filling and grouting roof filling as treatment methods to ensure safety and stability in mining voids, this study employed a comprehensive dynamic analysis approach. It specifically focused on an individual underground metal mine cavity by integrating numerical simulation analysis techniques with onsite displacement monitoring methods. By simulating stress-strain conditions during different stages of cavity formation and subsequent treatments while considering onsite displacement monitoring data, this study extensively analyzed how these treatments impact rock stress levels, strain conditions within rocks themselves, and the stability of the surface riverbed. The results show that: (1) "waste rock filling + cemented roof filling" can effectively reduce the stress of surrounding rock, significantly improve the structural stability of goaf, reduce surface displacement and deformation, and ensure the stability of surface riverbed; (2) In the process of mining and filling, the stress and strain sensitive points are mainly distributed in the roof, bottom and intercolumn of the stope; (3) When the goaf is backfilled from top to bottom, the stress-strain changes at each stage are uneven: the maximum principal stress changes slowly in the early stage, but greatly in the later stage; The change of displacement showed a trend of slowing down in the early stage and stabilizing in the later stage: (4) "waste rock filling + cemented filling" roof joint can realize the transformation of solid waste into treasure in mines, effectively promote the construction of green mines, and is an effective means of goaf treatment. It provides ideas and means for other similar complex problem analysis and prevention.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41023.].