This study investigates the mechanical behavior of femur bones under loading conditions, focusing on the transition from elastic to plastic deformation and eventual fracture. The force–displacement curves reveal distinct phases of deformation, with an initial linear relationship indicating elastic behavior, followed by deviation from linearity marking the onset of plastic deformation. Fracture occurs beyond a critical load, leading to a sharp drop in the force–displacement curve. The maximum fracture force varies among specimens and is influenced by bone geometry, size, cross-sectional area, and cortical thickness. Post-failure analysis highlights additional insights into fracture mechanics and bone material toughness. Reinforcing bones with screws enhances their strength, which is evident in the higher fracture forces observed in force–displacement diagrams. Fixation procedures following fractures further increase bone strength. Comparing specimens with and without strengthening underscores the effectiveness of reinforcement methods in improving bone mechanical properties. After analyzing the results, it is evident that femur bones with reinforcement can withstand greater loads, and they can also absorb higher impact energies while remaining in the elastic deformation range and without suffering permanent plastic damage. This study provides valuable insights into bone biomechanics and the efficacy of reinforcement techniques in enhancing bone strength and fracture resistance.

The loading rate influences the fracture mechanics of bone. The effect of strain rate on bone tissue was studied. Two sets of dynamic tests were performed, where the impact energy E = 70 J was kept as a constant value. In the first set, the impact velocity of the striker was set to 5.15 m/s, and in the second set of dynamic tests, the impact velocity was set to 7.84 m/s. In each set, four pig femurs were tested, resulting in a total of eight femurs tested. In order to maintain the same impact energy, when testing at a lower velocity, a set of weights (+3 kg) was added to the impactor. The ductility index evaluates the propagation behaviour of brittle versus ductile fracture based on direct force measurements from a force/time diagram.