Shoulder pain represents the most frequently reported musculoskeletal disorder, often leading to significant functional impairment and pain, impacting quality of life. Home-based rehabilitation programs offer a more accessible and convenient solution for an effective shoulder disorder treatment, addressing logistical and financial constraints associated with traditional physiotherapy. The aim of this systematic review is to report the monitoring devices currently proposed and tested for shoulder rehabilitation in home settings. The research question was formulated using the PICO approach, and the PRISMA guidelines were applied to ensure a transparent methodology for the systematic review process. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted, and the results were included from 2014 up to 2023. Three different tools (i.e., the Rob 2 version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool, and the ROBINS-I tool) were used to assess the risk of bias. Fifteen studies were included as they fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that wearable systems represent a promising solution as remote monitoring technologies, offering quantitative and clinically meaningful insights into the progress of individuals within a rehabilitation pathway. Recent trends indicate a growing use of low-cost, non-intrusive visual tracking devices, such as camera-based monitoring systems, within the domain of tele-rehabilitation. The integration of home-based monitoring devices alongside traditional rehabilitation methods is acquiring significant attention, offering broader access to high-quality care, and potentially reducing healthcare costs associated with in-person therapy.

Primary acute patellar dislocation (PAPD) is a common knee injury, particularly among adolescents and young adults, and is associated with variable risks of recurrent instability, osteochondral injury, and long-term patellofemoral degeneration. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize current evidence on the epidemiology, injury mechanisms, risk factors, diagnosis, emergency management, definitive treatment, complications, and prognosis of PAPD. A structured literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from database inception to July 2025 using terms including patellar dislocation, acute patellar dislocation, primary patellar dislocation, first-time patellar dislocation, MPFL injury, risk factors, emergency management, treatment, and outcomes. Peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized trials, cohort studies, and clinical guidelines addressing acute first-time patellar dislocation were considered. Evidence was narratively synthesized across clinically relevant domains. Current literature supports a risk-stratified approach in which radiographs remain the first-line imaging modality after acute presentation or reduction, while MRI is useful for identifying osteochondral injuries, MPFL lesions, and anatomical risk factors. Conservative rehabilitation remains appropriate for low-risk first-time dislocations without major osteochondral injury or significant malalignment, whereas surgery may be considered in selected patients with displaced osteochondral fragments, loose bodies, persistent instability, or high-risk anatomy. Because available studies are heterogeneous and long-term evidence remains limited, further prospective research is required to refine patient selection and optimize treatment pathways.