Despite the increasing number of anti-hypertensive drugs have been developed and used in the clinical setting, persistent deficiencies persist, including issues such as lifelong dosage, combination therapy. Notwithstanding receiving the treatment under enduring these deficiencies, approximately 4 in 5 patients still fail to achieve reliable blood pressure (BP) control. The application of neuromodulation in the context of hypertension presents a pioneering strategy for addressing this condition, con-currently implying a potential central nervous mechanism underlying hypertension onset. We hypothesize that neurological networks, an essential component of maintaining appropriate neurological function, are involved in hypertension. Drawing on both peer-reviewed research and our laboratory investigations, we endeavor to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms involved in hypertension by identifying a close relationship between its onset of hypertension and an excitation and inhibition (E/I) imbalance. In addition to the involvement of excitatory glutamatergic and GABAergic inhibitory system, the pathogenesis of hypertension is also associated with Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs, Nav)-mediated E/I balance. The overloading of glutamate or enhancement of glutamate receptors may be attributed to the E/I imbalance, ultimately triggering hypertension. GABA loss and GABA receptor dysfunction have also proven to be involved. Furthermore, we have identified that abnormalities in sodium channel expression and function alter neural excitability, thereby disturbing E/I balance and potentially serving as a mechanism underlying hypertension. These insights are expected to furnish potential strategies for the advancement of innovative anti-hypertensive therapies and a meaningful reference for the exploration of central nervous system (CNS) targets of anti-hypertensives.

A 60-year-old female with a tracheal tumor near the glottis and a lung nodule underwent surgery for resection. The tumor's proximity to the glottis prevented the safe use of a tracheal tube, as it risked crossing the tumor and causing injury. Given this challenge, a 4^# single-lumen laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used in combination with a 9^# bronchial blocker to achieve one-lung ventilation. This approach minimized the risk of tracheal injury, bleeding, and tumor dissemination. The procedure, including the resection of the lung nodule and tracheal tumor, was completed successfully, with stable postoperative recovery. This case demonstrates the efficacy of LMA and bronchial blocker in complex airway management.