Tourism expansion has led to increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, which can exacerbate environmental and societal problems if proper waste management systems are not implemented. The study develops a framework for implementing bio-based solutions (BbS) for MSW management in a cultural tourism destination, using the walking street in Nan, Thailand, as a case study. Four low-carbon waste management scenarios were assessed, including increasing recycling rates (RE), using food waste as animal feed (BbS1), using bagasse containers as a soil conditioner (BbS2), and substituting single-use plastics with bamboo products (BbS3). Results showed that the BbS1 scenario had the highest performance in greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, reducing 66.3 t CO₂e/year, followed by BbS2, RE, and BbS3 scenarios, which reduce GHG by about 12.3, 11, and 1 t CO₂e/year, respectively. However, the BbS2 scenario has an additional benefit in returning around 84 kg N/year to the soil. Implementing the combination of RE, BbS1, BbS2, and BbS3 reduced waste to landfills by about 25.5 t MSW/year and reduced GHG emissions by 90.3 t CO₂e/year. Enhancing residual waste management is recommended, which can lead to mitigation of about 164.3 t CO₂e/year, or 83 % GHG emissions reduction compared to the base case.

The development of sustainable tourism has various stakeholders such as local residents, businesses, governments, visitors, travel agencies, and tourism companies. Tourism destinations need to be protected not only to ensure a better travel experience but also to ensure that they can be enjoyed in the future. This study explored the degree of influence of key stakeholders such as the government, travel agencies, local residents, and tourists on the development of sustainable tourism in Haikou, the capital city of the island province Hainan, China. This city is rich in tropical natural resources and offers unique opportunities for the development of tourism. In 2018, Haikou was selected as one of the first “International Wetland Cities” by the 13th United Nations Ramsar Convention. However, the high dependence on tourism and centralized consumption have caused several ecological and environmental problems in Haikou. An online questionnaire survey of 419 stakeholders was conducted, and factor analysis was used to identify five dimensions. The structural equation modeling method was used to explore the degree of influence of different relationships on sustainable tourism development in Haikou. The results indicated that key stakeholders are most concerned about tourism awareness, ecological protection, and sociocultural development. Therefore, further efforts to promote and develop tourism must focus on ecological and environmental protection. Creating positive travel experiences and managing tourism wisely can meet the demands of today without compromising the future.

Routine hospital records classify waste by hazard and rarely identify non-infectious medical plastics (NIMP) as a distinct material stream, leaving circularity opportunities unmeasured. This study developed a hospital-level circular economy (CE) indicator framework for NIMP and assessed its applicability at two Thai tertiary hospitals. A structured review of 24 source documents yielded 375 indicator records, which were consolidated into 53 candidates and screened to 36 indicators across Material Circularity (16), Operational Integration (11), and Policy and Governance (9). Each indicator was assessed at each site against available evidence, from routine records and documents to field sorting and weighing, and classified as Ready, Hospital-level proxy, or Data-limited. Of the 36 indicators, 27 at Site A and 24 at Site B were represented as a value or proxy; the remaining nine and 12 were data-limited, and the same nine indicators were data-limited at both sites. The pattern was consistent across the two sites despite their different record systems: field-measured material and document-based governance indicators could be measured directly, whereas indicators requiring NIMP-specific data could not. The framework provides a practical basis for assessing readiness for routine NIMP circularity reporting and identifying priority data gaps.