Background: The intercondylar notch (ICN) and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are important structures in knee morphometry, with key roles in stabilizing the knee. Aim: To determine the associations between the specific shape of the ICN (A-, W-, or U-shape) and the ACL size in patients with intact ACLs. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were independently analyzed by two experts: one orthopedic surgeon and one imaging physician. In all cases, the following measurements were taken based on the existing definitions: ACL area, anterior ICN (aICN) area, ICN width, lateral trochlear inclination (LTI), and Insall–Salvati index. Results: A total of 65 cases (50.8% male; 33.8 ± 10.2 years mean age at inclusion) were included in the study. The ACL and aICN areas were significantly larger in patients with U-shaped compared with A-shaped and W-shaped ICNs: 0.50 (0.20–0.80) vs. 0.40 (0.20–0.80) vs. 0.40 (0.30–0.80), p = 0.011 and 1.16 (0.57–3.60) vs. 0.47 (0.15–0.95) vs. 0.37 (0.15–0.81), p < 0.001, respectively. Internal meniscal lesions were more common in cases with U-shaped ICNs (64.0%), while external ones were more common in W-shaped ICN cases (35.3%). None of the A-shaped cases had external chondral or meniscal lesions. The ACL area was significantly larger in males and internal meniscal injuries, with no differences between chondral lesions, external meniscal injuries, patellar chondral lesions, patella alta, or trochlear dysplasia. Conclusion: The specific shape of the intercondylar notch was associated with the anterior cruciate ligament–anterior intercondylar notch (ACL–aICN) area size correlation, with a strong correlation between ACL and aICN area when the intercondylar notch was A-shaped or W-shaped, and a low correlation when the notch was U- shaped. The specific shape of the intercondylar notch (A-, W-, or U-shape) was associated with the occurrence of both internal and external meniscal injuries, with the U-shaped intercondylar notch morphometry being more frequent in cases with internal meniscal injuries and the W-shape being more common in cases with external meniscal injuries.

This study provides a comprehensive examination of the current methodologies and potential strategies for the treatment of articular fractures of the foot. In the field of orthopedic healthcare, these fractures present a significant challenge due to their complex nature and the fact that they affect the routines of patients. The motivation behind this study is based on two main concepts. The first one is represented by the use of emerging medical technologies and personalized medicine to bring a significant transformation in the management of foot fractures and give a better quality of treatment that is accepted by the patient. However, because there are inequities in the availability of the necessary medical care and equipment, as well as uneven incorporation in clinical settings, new technologies cannot be used to treat these types of fractures. Regarding the second concept behind this study, it is indicated that although current treatment methods are essential, they have a number of shortcomings when it comes to properly addressing these types of injuries. An approach is needed that takes into account the biomechanical points of view and the particularities of each patient. This approach could be applied in all hospital settings. Through this study, we want to highlight the progress made in recent years in surgical techniques such as 3D printing, minimally invasive surgery (MIS), and biological products. However, in the application of this new discovery, new obstacles have been discovered that prevent the efficient treatment of these types of injuries. This study examines the effectiveness and limitations of current treatments, as well as how differences in healthcare, such as available equipment, training of medical staff, and technological advances, affect patient outcomes in everyday life. This research wishes to emphasize that continuous innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the use of an optimal approach that is appropriate for each patient, are essential. This study aims to provide new insights and useful recommendations for future research and clinical practice. The main role of this research is to improve the quality of life of patients and increase the standards of care in this complex field, which is in permanent evolution.

In this article, we present our research achievements regarding the development of a remote sensing system for motor pulse acquisition, as a first step towards a complete neuroprosthetic arm. We present the fabrication process of an implantable electrode for nerve impulse acquisition, together with an innovative wirelessly controlled system. In our study, these were combined into an implantable device for attachment to peripheral nerves. Mechanical and biocompatibility tests were performed, as well as in vivo testing on pigs using the developed system. This testing and the experimental results are presented in a comprehensive manner, demonstrating that the system is capable of accomplishing the requirements of its designed application. Most significantly, neural electrical signals were acquired and transmitted out of the body during animal experiments, which were conducted according to ethical regulations in the field.

Myoelectric exoprostheses serve to aid in the everyday activities of patients with forearm or hand amputations. While electrical signals are known key factors controlling exoprosthesis, little is known about how we can improve their transmission strength from the forearm muscles as to obtain better sEMG. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of the forearm fascial layer in transmitting myoelectrical current. We examined the sEMG signals in three individual muscles, each from six healthy forearms (Group 1) and six amputation stumps (Group 2), along with their complete biometric characteristics. Following the tests, one patient underwent a circumferential osteoneuromuscular stump revision surgery (CONM) that also involved partial removal of fascia and subcutaneous fat in the amputation stump, with re-testing after complete healing. In group 1, we obtained a stronger sEMG signal than in Group 2. In the CONM case, after surgery, the patient’s data suggest that the removal of fascia, alongside the fibrotic and subcutaneous fat tissue, generates a stronger sEMG signal. Therefore, a reduction in the fascial layer, especially if accompanied by a reduction of the subcutaneous fat layer may prove significant for improving the strength of sEMG signals used in the control of modern exoprosthetics.

Objectives: To provide a mechanism-oriented integration of clinical and biomechanical evidence regarding fixation failure in fifth metatarsal fractures, with particular emphasis on Jones and diaphyseal stress fractures, and to clarify the mechanical determinants that influence construct performance under physiologic gait-related loading. Methods: A narrative, concept-driven review was conducted focusing on experimental biomechanical investigations and clinically relevant outcome studies addressing cyclic shear, bending, torsion, interfragmentary gap behavior, and loading direction. Special attention was given to studies employing advanced experimental models, including three-dimensional printed anatomical constructs combined with digital image correlation (DIC), to evaluate fixation strategies under simulated gait-phase loading conditions. Literature selection was guided by thematic relevance to construct mechanics and clinical fixation outcomes rather than systematic retrieval criteria. Results: Available evidence indicates that fixation constructs relying predominantly on interfragmentary compression demonstrate increased sensitivity to imperfect reduction, interfragmentary gaps, and multidirectional cyclic shear forces, particularly during midstance loading. Experimental models suggest that loading angle and gap size significantly influence stress concentration and failure patterns. Plate-based and hybrid constructs may provide improved resistance to cyclic bending and shear in specific experimental conditions, maintain stability in the presence of small fracture gaps, and distribute mechanical loads more uniformly across the fracture site. These biomechanical characteristics may help explain reported clinical patterns of delayed union, refracture, and hardware failure in high-demand patients or in cases with cortical compromise. Conclusions: Fixation failure in fifth metatarsal fractures appears to result from the interaction between fracture morphology, patient-specific loading demands, and construct biomechanics. Mechanism-based integration of biomechanical findings with clinical context may support individualized surgical decision-making. However, given the heterogeneity of available clinical data and the inherent limitations of experimental models, biomechanical insights should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and complementary to clinical judgment rather than prescriptive guidance.

Background and objectives: Patient-specific skeletal implants are designed through a pipeline of imaging, computational planning and, increasingly, artificial intelligence. Each pillar has its own validation literature, but no review has asked what evidence supports each one in implant design itself. We mapped that evidence from the biomedical-indexed literature in this paper. Methods: A systematic review was conducted under a protocol committed before retrieval (PRISMA 2020, PRISMA-S, SWiM). MEDLINE, Europe PMC, Crossref and OpenAlex were searched on 2 and 3 September 2026 for primary studies from 2015 onwards applying artificial intelligence, an evaluated imaging pipeline or computational planning to an implant whose geometry derives from the individual patient’s anatomy. Engineering indexes were unavailable, so this review maps biomedical-indexed literature, and a bounded probe was used to estimate what that omits. Two artificial intelligence screeners from different vendors screened every record; every clinical study was appraised twice, independently, by assessors from different vendors. Claims about validation quality are reported on the studies read in full. All screening, charting and appraisals were machine-performed and no human-verified subsample exists. Results: Of 5059 records, 639 studies were included: 373 technical studies, 179 clinical series, 75 comparative studies and 12 randomised trials. Computational planning was applied in 601, an evaluated imaging step in 219 and artificial intelligence in 36. Randomised evidence came from 12 small trials, 10 of them craniomaxillofacial, which evaluated the delivered implant rather than the planning method; virtual surgical planning was used in 11 of them. When restricting to the four studies that measure deviation from the virtual plan, with smaller meaning better, patient-specific implants deviated less from the plan (standardised mean difference −1.21, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.74). Revision or removal was less frequent (3 of 135 against 25 of 149; risk ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.72); operative time, complications and infection gave intervals compatible with a difference either way. No randomised trial was at low risk of bias, and 69 of 75 comparative studies were at serious risk, mostly of unadjusted confounding, so all estimates are of very low certainty. Among technical studies read in full, independent validation material was used in fewer than half, and files were shared in about one in fourteen. Of 36 artificial intelligence studies, 4 were evaluated on independent data, 2 were used for a real patient, none were clinically comparative, and 8 of 17 cranial studies relied on AutoImplant family benchmarks. Conclusions: The design pipeline is unequally validated: planning has clinical evidence concentrated in one region, computational methods are widely applied but rarely validated independently or shared, and artificial intelligence has benchmark evidence for cranial defect completion and little else. Outcome studies of patient-specific implants should be read as evidence about whole pipelines, and future studies should evaluate the components.