The growing multidisciplinary field of tissue engineering aims at predictably regenerating, enhancing, or replacing damaged or missing tissues for a variety of conditions caused by trauma, disease, and old age. One area of research that has gained tremendous awareness in recent years is that of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which has been utilized across a wide variety of medical fields for the regeneration of soft tissues. This systematic review gathered all the currently available in vitro , in vivo , and clinical literature utilizing PRF for soft tissue regeneration, augmentation, and/or wound healing. In total, 164 publications met the original search criteria, with a total of 48 publications meeting inclusion criteria (kappa score = 94%). These studies were divided into 7 in vitro , 11 in vivo , and 31 clinical studies. In summary, 6 out of 7 (85.7%) and 11 out of 11 (100%) of the in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, demonstrated a statistically significant advantage for combining PRF to their regenerative therapies. Out of the remaining 31 clinical studies, a total of 8 reported the effects of PRF in a randomized clinical trial, with 5 additional studies (13 total) reporting appropriate controls. In those clinical studies, 9 out of the 13 studies (69.2%) demonstrated a statistically relevant positive outcome for the primary endpoints measured. In total, 18 studies (58% of clinical studies) reported positive wound-healing events associated with the use of PRF, despite using controls. Furthermore, 27 of the 31 clinical studies (87%) supported the use of PRF for soft tissue regeneration and wound healing for a variety of procedures in medicine and dentistry. In conclusion, the results from the present systematic review highlight the positive effects of PRF on wound healing after regenerative therapy for the management of various soft tissue defects found in medicine and dentistry.

Background: Over the past decade, use of leukocyte platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) has gained tremendous momentum in regenerative dentistry as a low‐cost fibrin matrix used for tissue regeneration. This study characterizes how centrifugation speed (G‐force) along with centrifugation time influence growth factor release from fibrin clots, as well as the cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts exposed to each PRF matrix.Methods: Standard L‐PRF served as a control (2,700 revolutions per minute [rpm]‐12 minutes). Two test groups using low‐speed (1,300 rpm‐14 minutes, termed advanced PRF [A‐PRF]) and low‐speed + time (1,300 rpm‐8 minutes; A‐PRF+) were investigated. Each PRF matrix was tested for growth factor release up to 10 days (eight donor samples) as well as biocompatibility and cellular activity.Results: The low‐speed concept (A‐PRF, A‐PRF+) demonstrated a significant increase in growth factor release of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, epidermal growth factor, and insulin‐like growth factor, with A‐PRF+ being highest of all groups. Although all PRF formulations were extremely biocompatible due to their autogenous sources, both A‐PRF and A‐PRF+ demonstrated significantly higher levels of human fibroblast migration and proliferation compared with L‐PRF. Furthermore, gingival fibroblasts cultured with A‐PRF+ demonstrated significantly higher messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of PDGF, TGF‐β, and collagen1 at either 3 or 7 days.Conclusions: The findings from the present study demonstrate modifications to centrifugation speed and time with the low‐speed concept favor an increase in growth factor release from PRF clots. This, in turn, may directly influence tissue regeneration by increasing fibroblast migration, proliferation, and collagen mRNA levels. Future animal and clinical studies are now necessary.

Titanium implants have been widely used in bone tissue engineering for decades. However, orthopedic implant-associated infections increase the risk of implant failure and even lead to amputation in severe cases. Although TiO₂has photocatalytic activity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), the recombination of generated electrons and holes limits its antibacterial ability. Here, we describe a graphdiyne (GDY) composite TiO₂nanofiber that combats implant infections through enhanced photocatalysis and prolonged antibacterial ability. In addition, GDY-modified TiO₂nanofibers exert superior biocompatibility and osteoinductive abilities for cell adhesion and differentiation, thus contributing to the bone tissue regeneration process in drug-resistant bacteria-induced implant infection.

Since the discovery of osteoinduction in the early 20th century, innovative biomaterials with osteoinductive potential have emerged. Over the last 50 years, however, our ability to describe biological phenomena accurately has been improved dramatically by advancements in cell and molecular biology. The aim of this review is to divide the osteoinduction phenomenon into 3 principles: (1) mesenchymal cell recruitment, (2) mesenchymal differentiation to bone-forming osteoblasts, and (3) ectopic bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, this review formulates guidelines for in vitro and in vivo experimental testing for accurately defining new biomaterials as osteoinductive. The use of growth factors with osteoinductive potential in periodontal and oral surgery is discussed. These concepts and guidelines aim to guide the future direction of emerging biomaterials in bone regeneration.