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Sus Sola Corazon
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Systematic review
Published: 03 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Given the drastic changes in our lifestyles and ecosystems worldwide, the potential health effects of natural environments have grown into a highly pervasive topic. Recent scientific findings suggest beneficial effects from nature exposure on human immune responses. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of literature published on immunomodulatory effects of nature exposure by inhalation of natural substances. A systematic database search was performed in SCOPUS and PubMed. The quality and potential bias of included studies (n = 33) were assessed by applying the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) tool for human studies and the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) and SYRCLE (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) tools for animal studies. The synthesis of reviewed studies points to positive effects of nature exposure on immunological health parameters; such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-asthmatic effects or increased NK (natural killer) cell activity. Decreased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, infiltration of leukocytes and release of cytotoxic mediators are outcomes that may serve as a baseline for further studies. However, partially weak study designs evoked uncertainties about outcome reproducibility and key questions remain open concerning effect sizes, duration of exposure and contributions of specific vegetation or ecosystem types.

ACS Style

Liisa Andersen; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. Nature Exposure and Its Effects on Immune System Functioning: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1416 .

AMA Style

Liisa Andersen, Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. Nature Exposure and Its Effects on Immune System Functioning: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liisa Andersen; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. 2021. "Nature Exposure and Its Effects on Immune System Functioning: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1416.

Review
Published: 16 May 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: In modern, urban daily life, natural environments are increasingly recognized as an important resource for stress recovery and general well-being. Aim: the present review aims to provide an overview and synthesis of the past eight years’ research into the psycho-physiological effects of outdoor nature-based interventions, related to stress recovery. Method: a structured search was performed in seven databases, returning 5618 articles. Removal of duplicates and initial screening gave a total of 95 studies. After full text reading, 36 studies were included in the assessment. Results: most of the psychological outcomes were related to different emotional measures. The synthesis of the results points towards outdoor, nature-based exposure having a positive effect on different emotional parameters, related to stress relief. The studies into physiological measures showed more equivocal results. Conclusion: the research, conducted over the past eight years, into outdoor, nature-based exposure has now attained a sound evidence base for psychological and especially emotional effects, but the evidence base for physiological effects within this timeframe shows a great degree of heterogeneity. Limitations: interpretation of the results is limited by the review only covering the past eight years’ research on the subject.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Dorthe Varning Poulsen; Marie Christoffersen Gramkow; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. Psycho-Physiological Stress Recovery in Outdoor Nature-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Past Eight Years of Research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1711 .

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrik Sidenius, Dorthe Varning Poulsen, Marie Christoffersen Gramkow, Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. Psycho-Physiological Stress Recovery in Outdoor Nature-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Past Eight Years of Research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (10):1711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Dorthe Varning Poulsen; Marie Christoffersen Gramkow; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. 2019. "Psycho-Physiological Stress Recovery in Outdoor Nature-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Past Eight Years of Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10: 1711.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2019 in Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research
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ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Marie Christoffersen Gramkow; Dorthe Varning Poulsen; Victoria Linn Lygum; Gaochao Zhang; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Marie Christofferen Gramkov. I Would Really like to Visit the Forest, but it is Just Too Difficult: A Qualitative Study on Mobility Disability and Green Spaces. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 2019, 20, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Marie Christoffersen Gramkow, Dorthe Varning Poulsen, Victoria Linn Lygum, Gaochao Zhang, Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter, Marie Christofferen Gramkov. I Would Really like to Visit the Forest, but it is Just Too Difficult: A Qualitative Study on Mobility Disability and Green Spaces. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. 2019; 20 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Marie Christoffersen Gramkow; Dorthe Varning Poulsen; Victoria Linn Lygum; Gaochao Zhang; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Marie Christofferen Gramkov. 2019. "I Would Really like to Visit the Forest, but it is Just Too Difficult: A Qualitative Study on Mobility Disability and Green Spaces." Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 20, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Health
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Background: Approximately 10% - 15% of people diagnosed with a concussion develop post-concussion syndrome (PCS), in which mental fatigue is a dominating symptom. PCS has major consequences for the individuals diagnosed, and society as a whole. Objective: The objective of the pilot study was to investigate whether a nature-based therapeutic (NBT) intervention would be suitable for ameliorating the symptoms experienced by people with PCS, especially mental fatigue. Method: Eight participants diagnosed with PCS took part in a NBT programme, which consisted of weekly two-hour sessions over the course of eight weeks. The participants’ level of mental fatigue was measured on the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS) before and after the intervention. An analogue scale inspired by the EuroQol-visual analogue scales (EQ-VAS) was used to measure immediate self-perceived feeling of health/ well-being before and after individual sessions. A semi-structured interview was held with each participant after the intervention. The interviews and logbooks were analysed through content analysis, which entails several steps in a spiral-like process, from reading and re-reading the transcripts to forming units of meaning, which were then grouped into sub-categories and categories for further analysis. Result: The MFS showed a significant decrease in mental fatigue and large effect size. The participants’ self-assessed health/ well-being on the analogue scale showed an increase from the beginning to the end of each session. The analysis of the interviews revealed that the participants experienced the sensory stimuli and exercises in the natural environment as motivating and meaningful, even when they were challenging. Further, they found the psycho-educational aspects transferable to everyday life. Conclusion: The results support that NBT can have potential in the rehabilitation of PCS, by lowering mental fatigue and improving health and well-being. The NBT was further found to be experienced as enjoyable and motivating with good transferability to everyday life.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Lisbeth Jul Olsen; Anne-Marie Olsen; Ulrik Sidenius. Nature-Based Therapy for People Suffering from Post-Concussion Syndrome—A Pilot Study. Health 2019, 11, 1501 -1517.

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Lisbeth Jul Olsen, Anne-Marie Olsen, Ulrik Sidenius. Nature-Based Therapy for People Suffering from Post-Concussion Syndrome—A Pilot Study. Health. 2019; 11 (11):1501-1517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Lisbeth Jul Olsen; Anne-Marie Olsen; Ulrik Sidenius. 2019. "Nature-Based Therapy for People Suffering from Post-Concussion Syndrome—A Pilot Study." Health 11, no. 11: 1501-1517.

Clinical trial
Published: 08 November 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Binge eating disorder (BED), characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating with a subjective experience of lack of control, is the world’s most common eating disorder. The aim of the present pilot study was to examine the feasibility of implementing nature-based therapy (NBT) in the treatment of BED. The NBT intervention was compared to Support Group Meetings (SGMs), which are the only publicly available form of support for people diagnosed with BED in Denmark. Twenty participants with a BED diagnosis were included in the study, which had a mixed-methods design including Eating Disorder Examination interviews, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires measuring well-being (The Psychological General Well-Being Index) and self-esteem (Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale). Both the NBT and the SGMs showed positive results on all outcome measures (decreases in binge eating episodes and increases in general psychological well-being and self-esteem). The interviews indicated that the NBT context made the psychotherapeutic content more accessible to the participants and further helped them transfer the therapeutic gains to daily life after completing treatment. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size—ideally, they would need to be tested on a larger, randomized sample.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Katrine Schjødt Vammen; Sabine Elm Klinker; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Dorthe Varning Poulsen. The Tree Is My Anchor: A Pilot Study on the Treatment of BED through Nature-Based Therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2486 .

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrik Sidenius, Katrine Schjødt Vammen, Sabine Elm Klinker, Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter, Dorthe Varning Poulsen. The Tree Is My Anchor: A Pilot Study on the Treatment of BED through Nature-Based Therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (11):2486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Katrine Schjødt Vammen; Sabine Elm Klinker; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Dorthe Varning Poulsen. 2018. "The Tree Is My Anchor: A Pilot Study on the Treatment of BED through Nature-Based Therapy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2486.

Comparative study
Published: 25 May 2018 in The British Journal of Psychiatry
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BackgroundStress-related illnesses are a major threat to public health, and there is increasing demand for validated treatments.AimsTo test the efficacy of nature-based therapy (NBT) for patients with stress-related illnesses.MethodRandomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01849718) comparing Nacadia® NBT (NNBT) with the cognitive–behavioural therapy known as Specialised Treatment for Severe Bodily Distress Syndromes (STreSS). In total, 84 participants were randomly allocated to one of the two treatments. The primary outcome measure was the mean aggregate score on the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI).ResultsBoth treatments resulted in a significant increase in the PGWBI (primary outcome) and a decrease in burnout (the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Questionnaire, secondary outcome), which were both sustained 12 months later. No significant difference in efficacy was found between NNBT and STreSS for primary outcome and secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThe study showed no statistical evidence of a difference between NNBT and STreSS for treating patients with stress-related illnesses.Declaration of interestNone.

ACS Style

Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Patrik Karlsson Nyed; Helmer Bøving Larsen; Lone Overby Fjorback. Efficacy of nature-based therapy for individuals with stress-related illnesses: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2018, 213, 404 -411.

AMA Style

Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter, Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrik Sidenius, Patrik Karlsson Nyed, Helmer Bøving Larsen, Lone Overby Fjorback. Efficacy of nature-based therapy for individuals with stress-related illnesses: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2018; 213 (1):404-411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Patrik Karlsson Nyed; Helmer Bøving Larsen; Lone Overby Fjorback. 2018. "Efficacy of nature-based therapy for individuals with stress-related illnesses: randomised controlled trial." The British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 1: 404-411.

Comparative study
Published: 15 January 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Stress-related illnesses are a growing health problem in the Western world; which also has economic significance for society. As a consequence; there is a growing demand for effective treatments. The study investigates the long-term efficacy of the Nacadia® nature-based therapy (NNBT) by comparing it to the efficacy of a validated cognitive behavioral therapy, called STreSS. The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial in which 84 participants are randomly allocated between the treatments. Long-term efficacy is investigated through data extracts from the national database of Statistics Denmark on the sick leave and the health-care consumption. The results show that both the NNBT and the STreSS lead to a significant decrease in number of contacts with a general practitioner in the period from twelve months prior to treatment to twelve months after treatment; and, a significant decrease in long-term sick leave from the month prior to treatment to twelve months after treatment. The positive long-term effects provide validation for the NNBT as an efficient treatment of stress-related illnesses.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Patrik Karlsson Nyed; Ulrik Sidenius; Dorthe Varning Poulsen; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Efficacy of Nature-Based Therapy for Adults Suffering from Stress-Related Illnesses on Levels of Healthcare Consumption and Sick-Leave Absence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 137 .

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Patrik Karlsson Nyed, Ulrik Sidenius, Dorthe Varning Poulsen, Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Efficacy of Nature-Based Therapy for Adults Suffering from Stress-Related Illnesses on Levels of Healthcare Consumption and Sick-Leave Absence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (1):137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Patrik Karlsson Nyed; Ulrik Sidenius; Dorthe Varning Poulsen; Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter. 2018. "A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Efficacy of Nature-Based Therapy for Adults Suffering from Stress-Related Illnesses on Levels of Healthcare Consumption and Sick-Leave Absence: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 1: 137.

Research article
Published: 05 December 2017 in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
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Background: There is increasing awareness of the importance and health benefits of living near green spaces. Research usually focuses on the general population’s use of green spaces and there has been little focus on the use of green spaces by specific groups, such as people with mobility disabilities. This represents a significant knowledge gap with regard to facilitating access to healthy green environments by all population groups. This study aims to provide knowledge of the use of green spaces by people with mobility disabilities. Methods: The study was based on data from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey in 2005. The study participants consisted of 11,238 adult Danes, 383 of whom reported mobility disabilities, meaning that they were dependent on assistive devices for walking or moving around. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between mobility disability and use of green spaces. Results: The results show that respondents who reported mobility disabilities visited green spaces less often than respondents without mobility disabilities. The severity of the mobility disability was associated with the frequency of visits. Frequency of visits was also related to the respondents’ health-related quality of life status. Conclusions: These results highlight the need for further research into the constraints faced by people with mobility disabilities with regard to visiting green spaces.

ACS Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ola Ekholm. A nationwide Danish survey on the use of green spaces by people with mobility disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2017, 46, 597 -605.

AMA Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Sus Sola Corazon, Ola Ekholm. A nationwide Danish survey on the use of green spaces by people with mobility disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2017; 46 (6):597-605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ola Ekholm. 2017. "A nationwide Danish survey on the use of green spaces by people with mobility disabilities." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 6: 597-605.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Health & Place
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Today, urbanization presents a challenge to urban planning with regard to creating healthy living environments. The aim of this research is to gain further knowledge of the restorativeness of a best case urban and natural environment: that is a historic down town urban environment and forest environment located in an arboretum. The study has a cross-over design where 51 (N) female university students are exposed to the two environments through both seated viewing and walking. A mixed method approach is used with both physiological measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) and psychological measurements of mood change and perceived restorativeness. The HRV results show no significant differences between the two environments, and both environments are found to be more physiologically restorative than being at the office or on the minibus. The results of the psychological measures indicate that the forest walk has a positive effect on mood, while the walk in the urban environment has no effect. The forest environment is also rated more highly with regard to perceived restorativeness than the urban environment. The results support the current research that shows natural environments as more restorative than urban environments. The study also adds to the ongoing debate on healthy urban planning by indicating that architectural and historical qualities may be associated with the physiological well-being of citizens.

ACS Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Jesper Kristiansen; Patrik Grahn. It is not all bad for the grey city – A crossover study on physiological and psychological restoration in a forest and an urban environment. Health & Place 2017, 46, 145 -154.

AMA Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrik Sidenius, Jesper Kristiansen, Patrik Grahn. It is not all bad for the grey city – A crossover study on physiological and psychological restoration in a forest and an urban environment. Health & Place. 2017; 46 ():145-154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Jesper Kristiansen; Patrik Grahn. 2017. "It is not all bad for the grey city – A crossover study on physiological and psychological restoration in a forest and an urban environment." Health & Place 46, no. : 145-154.

Review
Published: 29 June 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study systematically evaluated the scientific evidence for health benefits of natural environments for people with mobility impairments. Literature searches based on five categories of terms—target group, nature type, health-related impacts, nature-related activities and accessibility issues—were conducted in four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, CAB ABSTRACT and Medline). Twenty-seven articles from 4196 hits were included in the systematic reviews. We concluded that people with mobility disabilities could gain different health benefits, including physical health benefits, mental health benefits and social health benefits from nature in different kinds of nature contacts ranging from passive contact, active involvement to rehabilitative interventions. Several issues related to the accessibility and use of nature for people with mobility impairments need attention from professionals such as landscape architects, rehabilitative therapists, caregivers and policy makers. The overall quality of methodology of the included studies is not high based on assessment of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Moreover, more randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies that focus specifically on evidence-based health design of nature for people with mobility impairments in the future are needed.

ACS Style

Gaochao Zhang; Dorthe V. Poulsen; Victoria L. Lygum; Sus S. Corazon; Marie C. Gramkow; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter. Health-Promoting Nature Access for People with Mobility Impairments: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 703 .

AMA Style

Gaochao Zhang, Dorthe V. Poulsen, Victoria L. Lygum, Sus S. Corazon, Marie C. Gramkow, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter. Health-Promoting Nature Access for People with Mobility Impairments: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):703.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaochao Zhang; Dorthe V. Poulsen; Victoria L. Lygum; Sus S. Corazon; Marie C. Gramkow; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter. 2017. "Health-Promoting Nature Access for People with Mobility Impairments: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 703.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Anne Dahl Refshauge; Patrik Grahn. Forest design for mental health promotion—Using perceived sensory dimensions to elicit restorative responses. Landscape and Urban Planning 2017, 160, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter, Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrik Sidenius, Anne Dahl Refshauge, Patrik Grahn. Forest design for mental health promotion—Using perceived sensory dimensions to elicit restorative responses. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2017; 160 ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter; Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrik Sidenius; Anne Dahl Refshauge; Patrik Grahn. 2017. "Forest design for mental health promotion—Using perceived sensory dimensions to elicit restorative responses." Landscape and Urban Planning 160, no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2012 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Today, office work in western societies is more sedentary and more mentally demanding than ever before. This way of working plays a role in the increase in lifestyle diseases related to sedentary routines and stress. Green outdoor environments have been found to motivate physical activity and reduce stress levels. In this study, we therefore considered these environments to have a positive affect on work force health and wellbeing. However, research on the workplace outdoor environment is still limited. To investigate how and why the workplace outdoor environment is used by office workers and the impact of these environments on office workers’ health and wellbeing, five research questions were formulated. The questions addressed the use of the outdoor environments; the outdoor activities; encouragement and impediments for going outdoors; characteristics of the outdoor environment, and the impact of workplace outdoor environments on employees’ health, job satisfaction and work performance. In order to answer these research questions, we conducted a web-based questionnaire, completed by (N) 402 office workers from six Danish companies. The results show that 37.8% of the respondents spent time outdoors during their working day, and that the proportion of men spending time outdoors was higher than the proportion of women. Eight outdoor activities were identified, and significant relationships between the outdoor activities and perceived sensory dimensions (PSD) of the outdoor environment were found, indicating that the presence of the dimension ‘serene’ increased the odds for respondents going outdoors and that five of the eight activities would be performed. Only few significant relationships between outdoor environment use and employee health, job satisfaction and work performance were identified.

ACS Style

Lene Lottrup; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Henrik Meilby; Sus Sola Corazon. Associations between use, activities and characteristics of the outdoor environment at workplaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2012, 11, 159 -168.

AMA Style

Lene Lottrup, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Henrik Meilby, Sus Sola Corazon. Associations between use, activities and characteristics of the outdoor environment at workplaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012; 11 (2):159-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lene Lottrup; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Henrik Meilby; Sus Sola Corazon. 2012. "Associations between use, activities and characteristics of the outdoor environment at workplaces." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 11, no. 2: 159-168.

Original articles
Published: 06 November 2012 in European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling
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Nature-based therapy can be considered an umbrella term for a diverse range of psychotherapeutic and allied practices which integrate experiences and activities in nature as therapeutic means. The objective of this article is to describe the theoretical framework for nature-based therapy in a university-founded healing forest garden near Copenhagen, Denmark. The garden will offer a 10-week treatment for people who are on sick leave with stress-related illness. This article focuses on clarifying the integration between the psychotherapeutic and gardening aspects of the nature-based therapy. The psychotherapeutic aspects are based on mindfulness and an acceptance therapy, while the gardening aspects are highly inspired by permacultural principles and methods.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Maja Steen Moeller; Susan Moeller Rasmussen. Nature as therapist: Integrating permaculture with mindfulness- and acceptance-based therapy in the Danish Healing Forest Garden Nacadia. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 2012, 14, 335 -347.

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Maja Steen Moeller, Susan Moeller Rasmussen. Nature as therapist: Integrating permaculture with mindfulness- and acceptance-based therapy in the Danish Healing Forest Garden Nacadia. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling. 2012; 14 (4):335-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Maja Steen Moeller; Susan Moeller Rasmussen. 2012. "Nature as therapist: Integrating permaculture with mindfulness- and acceptance-based therapy in the Danish Healing Forest Garden Nacadia." European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 14, no. 4: 335-347.

Articles
Published: 08 December 2011 in Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning
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This paper theoretically examines the interplay between cognition and bodily involvement in relation to nature-based therapy and proposes implications for practice. With support from theory within embodied cognition and neuroscientific studies, it is argued that explicit learning is actively supported by bodily involvement with the environment. This argument is placed in the context of ‘nature-based therapy’, which can be perceived as a generic term for treatments with therapeutic use of activities and experiences in natural environments. The paper proposes that the use of metaphors to conceptualize desired therapeutic understanding in connection with the performance of activities in nature-based therapy can support the learning and change process by semantically relating cognition and bodily involvement.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Theresa Schilhab; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter. Developing the therapeutic potential of embodied cognition and metaphors in nature-based therapy: lessons from theory to practice. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 2011, 11, 161 -171.

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Theresa Schilhab, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter. Developing the therapeutic potential of embodied cognition and metaphors in nature-based therapy: lessons from theory to practice. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning. 2011; 11 (2):161-171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Theresa Schilhab; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter. 2011. "Developing the therapeutic potential of embodied cognition and metaphors in nature-based therapy: lessons from theory to practice." Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 11, no. 2: 161-171.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2010 in Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research
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The aim of this study is to acquire knowledge about what activities people reportedly engage in to relax when feeling stressed. A special focus is on physical activity to reduce stress and the association with socioeconomic status, general health, and leisure time activities. The data are derived from a Danish national health survey, and the variables are studied by statistical correspondence analyses. Results show that physical activity when relaxing from stress is related to an active leisure time, good health, and socioeconomic factors such as high education, employment, and good housing conditions. These findings support earlier research indicating that social inequality plays an important role in the choice of activities for stress reduction.

ACS Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Ola Ekholm; Pia V. Pedersen; Massimiliano Scopelliti; M. Vittoria Giuliani. Activities to Alleviate Stress and the Association with Leisure Time Activities, Socioeconomic Status, and General Health. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research 2010, 15, 161 -174.

AMA Style

Sus Sola Corazon, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Ola Ekholm, Pia V. Pedersen, Massimiliano Scopelliti, M. Vittoria Giuliani. Activities to Alleviate Stress and the Association with Leisure Time Activities, Socioeconomic Status, and General Health. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research. 2010; 15 (4):161-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sus Sola Corazon; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Ola Ekholm; Pia V. Pedersen; Massimiliano Scopelliti; M. Vittoria Giuliani. 2010. "Activities to Alleviate Stress and the Association with Leisure Time Activities, Socioeconomic Status, and General Health." Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research 15, no. 4: 161-174.