Drainage surgery to control intraocular pressure (IOP) with different devices has limited success because of a buildup of extracellular matrix.
1,2 The initial devices used to drain aqueous were horsehair threads.
3 Other materials including glass rods,
4 gold,
5 silk,
6 and even artificial trabecular meshworks
7,8 were tried without success because of subconjunctival scarring. New devices including the Ex-PRESS glaucoma implant
9 and Wilcox shunt
10 are described in the literature; however, long-term effectiveness data are not available.