BACKGROUND: Two-stage ossiculoplasty has been widely used for hearing improvement in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. However, the outcomes of single-stage ossiculoplasty have not been fully clarified.The aim of this study is to determine whether the outcomes of single-stage ossiculoplasty are comparable with those of 2-stage ossiculoplasty in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. METHODS: Medical records of 191 cases (187 patients) who underwent single-stage ossiculoplasty from January 2011 to May 2018 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Polycel and titanium were used in 56 and 135 cases, respectively. In chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma, the success rate of polycel and titanium partial ossicular replacement prosthesis was 80.7% and 81.6%, respectively. In chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, the success rate of polycel and titanium partial ossicular replacement prosthesis was 63.6% and 64.6%, respectively, while that of polycel and titanium total ossicular replacement prosthesis was 45.9% and 47.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that single-stage ossiculoplasty is a suitable option for recovering postoperative hearing in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. Thus, if middle ear inflammation can be sufficiently treated in the first stage, single-stage ossiculoplasty is a suitable option for chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. Cite this article as: Park S, Lim KH, Lim SJ, Park DH, Rah YC, Choi J. Functional outcomes of single-stage ossiculoplasty in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol. 2022;18(5):415-419.

OBJECTIVES: Since its introduction in 2002, the staging system for congenital cholesteatoma, as defined by Potsic, has been used widely owing to its simplicity and predictability. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of congenital cholesteatoma and to correlate them with postoperative recurrence. MATERIALS and METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 38 patients who were diagnosed with congenital cholesteatoma and who underwent surgical resection between August 2007 and November 2014 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of our hospital. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 7.9±8.2 years, and the number of males and females was 20 and 18, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 30±26 months. Of the 38 patients, 9 (24%) had residual or recurrent cholesteatoma during follow-up examination after primary surgery. The results showed that the size (≥4 mm) of the lesion was significantly correlated with residual or recurrent disease (p=0.026). The disease extent (single vs. multiple quadrant involvement), type (closed vs. open type), and stage; applied surgical method (with mastoidectomy vs. without mastoidectomy); and preoperative hearing level (normal vs. abnormal) were not significantly correlated with residual or recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: The disease extent, type, and stage; applied surgical methods; and preoperative hearing level were not significantly correlated with residual or recurrent disease. The size (≥4 mm) of congenital cholesteatoma was significantly correlated with residual or recurrent disease. Cite this article as: Song IS, Han WG, Lim KH, Nam KJ, Yoo MH, Rah YC, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Congenital Cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol 2019; 15(3): 386-90.

We attempted to explore the association between metformin use and hearing loss in in a large-scale study. This retrospective multicenter cohort study assessed the data of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) aged over 40 years using the Observational Health Data Science and Informatics open-source software and the Common Data Model database from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2019. Each participant was selected using the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code E11 for type 2 DM with sensorineural hearing loss. The participants were divided into metformin and non-metformin users. The outcome measure was the first occurrence of hearing loss after the diagnosis of DM as measured by the CDM cohort study. A total of 80,596 patients, including 46,152 metformin users and 34,444 non-metformin users from three hospitals were assessed. After calibration, we compared the risk of hearing loss using Kaplan–Meier curves, and found significant differences between the groups. The calibrated hazard ratio in the three hospitals (0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.12]) was summarized. These findings suggest that the probability of hearing loss-free survival in the metformin user group is higher than that in the non-metformin user group.