In the context of ongoing global urbanization, the disparity in urban development, marked by the dual phenomena of urban sprawl and urban shrinkage at the regional level, has become increasingly evident. In this vein, two land-related governance strategies—smart growth (SG) and smart shrinkage (SS)—emerge as potential remedies to these challenges, targeting urban expansion and shrinkage, respectively. This study bridges the gap in the fragmented discourse surrounding SG and SS by conducting a comprehensive comparative review on the respective literatures. Utilizing the Scopus database, our research employs trend analysis, text and topic mining, time node analysis, and regional analysis, augmented by qualitative reviews of seminal papers. The findings reveal a notable shift in research focus, with interest in SS surging around 2010 (the number of SS-related papers published after 2010 accounts for 92.3% of the total number of the entire study period) as attention to SG waned, suggesting an impending paradigm shift in urban sustainability. The analysis indicates that SS research lacks the disciplinary diversity, thematic breadth, and empirical depth of SG studies, underscoring a need for a more robust theoretical foundation to support urban sustainability. Furthermore, while both SG and SS derive from environmental science foundations, SG predominantly addresses the physical and landscape attributes of urban areas, whereas SS focuses more on socio-economic dimensions. Our findings point to an intrinsic link between SG and SS, which could lay the groundwork for their integration into a unified theoretical framework to better advance urban sustainability.

Since the reform and opening up, China’s urbanization level has increased rapidly, with the urbanization rate rising from 17.92% in 1978 to 63.89% in 2020. At the same time, the extreme expansion of urban space has gradually become a common phenomenon, and the problem of urban sprawl has become a stumbling block to the high-quality development of Chinese cities. The traditional single-indicator method and multi-indicator method have obvious shortcomings in the richness of index dimension and the subjectivity of indicator selection, respectively, when measuring urban sprawl quantitatively. In this study, based on the weighted urban proliferation (WUP) model, we integrated the three independent dimensions of urban permeation (UP), dispersion of built-up areas (DIS), and utilization density (UD) to verify the applicability and feasibility of the model for quantifying the spatiotemporal pattern of urban sprawl, taking the Bohai Rim region in China as an example. There were four main results. Most cities in the Bohai Rim region had a moderate-to-high level of urban sprawl, with obvious spatial heterogeneity by province. The average WUP of cities in the Bohai Rim region increased by 61.83% from 2000 to 2020, and cities with moderate urban sprawl became cities with high sprawl. The urban sprawl process in the Bohai Rim region accelerated during 2010−2015 and stabilized thereafter. The increase in WUP caused by the growth of built-up areas is the main driver of urban sprawl in the Bohai Rim region. This study found that the WUP model can be effectively applied to the Bohai Rim region of China, where it reflects the multidimensional features of urban sprawl and provides new insight into its spatiotemporal pattern.