Palmitic acid (PA) is a 16-carbon long-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the human body and a major component of dietary SFAs. PA plays a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The human body acquires PA through endogenous de novo synthesis and exogenous dietary intake, and its concentration in plasma is relatively stable; however, the concentration of PA can increase several-fold in the plasma of patients with CVD. This review focuses on the biosynthetic pathways of PA and its mechanistic involvement in atherosclerosis (AS), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and ischemic stroke (IS). Elucidating the mechanistic contributions of PA to these disease processes may provide critical insights for developing novel targeted therapies.

Intraoperative hypotension may result in a higher incidence of postoperative myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, and stroke. Notably, more than half of intraoperative hypotension cases occur immediately after induction of general anesthesia. Although intraoperative hypotension has multiple causes, post-induction hypotension is primarily due to the effects of anesthetic drugs. Propofol is the most widely used agent for anesthesia induction. However, propofol can induce hemodynamic instability, potentially leading to adverse postoperative outcomes. Remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting intravenous sedative-hypnotic, may promote stable hemodynamics. Studies have reported that remimazolam is associated with less hypotension compared to propofol. Therefore, this study aims to compare the hemodynamic effects of remimazolam and propofol during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. This is a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial. A total of 172 patients aged 45 to 65 years undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery will be randomly allocated to receive remimazolam or propofol during anesthetic induction. The primary outcome is the incidence of hypotension occurring within 20 min after anesthesia induction. Hypotension is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of less than 90 mmHg, or a reduction of more than 30% in SBP from baseline, or the administration of vasoactive medication. Secondary outcomes include the rate of successful sedation, time to successful sedation, coughing during the induction period, postoperative delirium within 7 days after surgery, and postoperative in-hospital mortality. To date, remimazolam has rarely been used for anesthesia induction in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. This study will provide important information on hemodynamic stability and anesthesia efficacy of remimazolam in this surgical setting. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400085556. Registered on 12 th June 2024, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ .