The solid particles in the produced fluids from the oil wells treated by compound flooding can greatly stabilize the strength of the interfacial film and enhance the stability of the emulsion, increasing the difficulty of processing these produced fluids on the ground. In this paper, the oil phase and the water phase were separated from the SPAN series emulsions by electrical dehydration technology and adding demulsifier agents. The changing trends of the current at both ends of the electrodes were recorded during the process. The efficient demulsification of the emulsion containing solid particles was studied from the perspective of oil-water separation mechanisms. Combined with the method of molecular dynamics simulation, the effect of the addition of a demulsifier on the free movement characteristics of crude oil molecules at the position of the liquid film of the emulsion were further analyzed. The results indicated that the presence of solid particles greatly increased the emulsifying ability of the emulsion and reduced its size. Under the synergistic effect of demulsifier and electric dehydration, the demulsification effect of the emulsion increased significantly, and the demulsification rate could reach more than 82%. The addition of demulsifiers changed the stable surface state of the solid particles. The free movement ability of the surrounding crude oil molecules was enhanced, which led to a decrease in the strength of the emulsion film so that the water droplets in the emulsions were more likely to coalesce and break. These results are of great significance for the efficient treatment of wastewater from oilfields, promoting the sustainability of environment-friendly oilfield development.

In this study, a high-speed emulsifier and electric dehydrator were used to study the main factors affecting the emulsifying stability of flowback fluids from acidizing oil wells in the DaQing oilfield of China. According to the variation laws of the chemical composition of the transition layer before and after the acid cleaning and descaling treatment, the effects of various components, including inorganic salts, solid nanoparticles, polymers, and surfactants, on the stability of emulsions were investigated. The results showed that sodium chloride (NaCl) had the best ability to maintain the stability of the emulsion. The effect of ferrous sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles on the emulsifying stability of the emulsion was higher than that of silica nanoparticles and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles. The effect of the polymer on the stability of the emulsion was higher than that of the surfactant. When the mass fraction of asphaltene is higher than 0.67%, the stability of the emulsion would increase, creating a difficulty in demulsification. The mechanism of multi-factor synergistic emulsification is clarified in this study. The charges of NaCl itself were packed densely on the interface between oil and water to stabilize the number of charges on the interface, leading to the enhancement of the stability of the interfacial film. FeS nanoparticles, silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles, and CaCO₃ nanoparticles coalesced on the interface between oil and water to form a dense wrapping layer, which could effectively prevent flocculation, coalescence, or merger of the dispersed phase droplets caused by factors such as electrostatic attraction and interfacial energy changing the spatial structure. These results are of great significance to the efficient treatment of oilfield-produced fluids and environmental protection.

The technological advance of digital cameras causes the internal throughput increase. Therefore, real-time image processing becomes the important problem. In this paper, we propose a new RTL design method for real-time image denoising circuit using High-Level Synthesis where the RTL structure is directly described on dataflow C coding style. This makes it possible to design and modify the processing algorithm and RTL structure efficiently and to verify RTL behavior quickly in C development environment. The design examples on bilateral filter show the flexibility of development where a little modifications of source code change the algorithm of weight calculation and the kernel size. Moreover, we compare the performance of denoising and the generated RTL structure.