Hyperspectral remote sensing (RS) has rapidly developed in recent years and has been widely used in the military field. This technology not only brings huge opportunities for military reconnaissance but also poses unprecedented challenges to military camouflage, severely complicating the development of plant hyperspectral camouflage materials and technology. In this review, the spectral reflectance characteristics of plants and the application of hyperspectral RS in plant RS and military operations are reviewed. The development status of bionic camouflage materials that simulate the spectral reflection characteristics of plants is analyzed. With the existing hyperspectral camouflage materials and technology, bionic camouflage technology is limited by the inability of bionic materials to accurately imitate the characteristic absorption peaks of green vegetation, low stability and durability, and the large overall material thickness, which complicate actual large-scale application. On this basis, a future development direction and a trend of plant hyperspectral bionic camouflage materials and technology are proposed.

Platycodon grandiflorus is the single genus plant in family Campanulaceae, which is distributed in areas of China, Japan, Korea, and Russia. In this study, we assembled and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of P. grandiflorus. The chloroplast genome of P. grandiflorus is 171,624 bp long, containing a shorter small single-copy region (SSC) of 7,962 bp, a normal large single-copy region (LSC) of 79,690 bp and a longer pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 41,986 bp. The whole chloroplast genome of P. grandiflorus has 146 genes, including 102 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 36 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 8 ribosome RNA genes (rRNAs). The overall nucleotide composition is: A of 30.9%, T of 30.9%, C of 19.3%, and G of 18.9%, with a total G + C content of the chloroplast genome 38.2%. The phylogenetic and genetic analysis showed a close relationship between Platycodon grandiflorus and Codonopsis lanceolata.

Ginseng, a traditional precious Chinese herb of high medicinal value, has ginsenoside as its main active medicinal ingredient. Modern pharmacological studi