This study investigated the efficacy of Isomalt-containing toothpaste in preventing development of dental caries. Methods: Human dental enamel slabs were allocated to six groups (30/group) at random: De-ionized distilled water (DDW), and toothpaste containing 10% Isomalt, 1100 ppm fluoride, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC] (ICT); 10% Isomalt, 1100 ppm fluoride (IT); 10% Isomalt, 1100 ppm fluoride, 1.5% Sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS] (IST); 1100 ppm fluoride only (FT); 1100 ppm fluoride with SLS (FST). The enamel slabs were exposed to caries development via plaque growth in a Microbial Caries Model for 7 days. Toothpastes were applied as slurries (one toothpaste–three DDW) for 2 min twice daily. Demineralization was measured as the change in surface microhardness (ΔSMH) and amount of mineral lost (∆Z), and these metrics were assessed using Transverse Microradiography. Intra-group (SMH) and intergroup (%∆SMH and ∆Z) comparisons were paired t-test and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05), respectively. Results: With SMH, demineralization was found to be significant (p < 0.001) in all groups compared to sound enamel baseline, except ICT group. With %ΔSMH, all other groups had significantly (p < 0.001) less demineralization compared to DDW. Significantly (p < 0.001) greater demineralization was observed in IT, FT and FST compared to ICT, and no significant difference was observed between IST and ICT or FT. With ∆Z, relative to the DDW group, the inhibition of demineralization was significant (p < 0.0001) in all groups at varying percentages. Conclusions: Toothpaste containing 10% Isomalt, 1100 ppm fluoride, and 0.05% CPC demonstrated greater efficacy in inhibiting caries development amid dental plaque compared to toothpaste containing only 1100 ppm fluoride.

Objective: In vitro study compared the efficacy in remineralizing initial caries of dentifrice containing natural hydroxyapatite (natHAP), synthetic HAP (synHAP), and fluoride. Methods: Initial carious lesions were created on 105 bovine enamel blocks by 4-day demineralization in a microbial caries model inoculated and fed 3× daily with 10% sucrose (6 min/episode). The caries-bearing blocks were stratified across seven treatment groups (N = 15/group); 20% nat-nHAP tooth powder, 20% nat-nHAP toothpaste, 30% nat-nHAP toothpaste, 20% nat-microHAP toothpaste, 15% syn-nHAP, fluoride (1100 ppm) toothpaste (NaF), and artificial saliva (AS) were used, and the groups were subjected to 28-day remineralization using a standardized pH cycling model with a daily regimen consisting of three 2 min toothpaste slurry treatments and one 2 h acidic challenge, and AS storage for the rest of the day. Surface microhardness of each block was measured after demineralization and after remineralization. Statistical analyses were performed using a paired t-test and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results: All groups induced significant (p < 0.001) remineralization. The %Rem was significantly lower for AS (9.61 ± 6.17%) than 30% nat-nHAP (29.21 ± 16.47%) and fluoride (27.05 ± 10.9%) toothpastes. There were no significant differences in %Rem among the natHAP formulations or between natHap and synHAP formulations. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, dentifrices based on natHAP or synHAP have comparable efficacy to standard fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing initial caries.

Objective: To investigate the influence of chitosan-based nano-silver fluoride (CNSF) treatment of tooth tissues on shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite (RC) and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorations. Methods: 90 extracted human molars were collected. Specimens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 30): non-pretreated (NPT) pretreated with either CNSF or silver diamine fluoride (SDF). Each group was subdivided into two restorative subgroups (n = 15): RC and RMGI. Specimens in CNSF and SDF groups were pretreated with CNSF or SDF per their manufacturer’s instructions. Then specimens in RC subgroups were etched, treated with chlorhexidine cleanser, followed by adhesive application. Specimens in RMGI subgroups were treated with cavity conditioner only. A cylindrical restoration (2.38 mm θ × 2 mm height) of RC or RMGI restoration was fabricated with a standardized mold and light-cured on all specimens. After 5000 times of thermocycling between 5 °C and 55 °C with dwell times of 30 s intervals, SBS was measured using the Ultradent UltraTester. Data was analyzed statistically (α = 0.05) using ANOVA/Tukey’s comparisons. Results: No statistically significant difference in SBS among RC restorations in the three treatment groups: NPT (17.48 ± 3.96), CNSF (18.38 ± 5.59), and SDF (14.03 ± 6.56). For RMGI restorations, SBS was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in NPT (15.99 ± 3.59) compared to CNSF-treated (11.45 ± 5.48), but there was no significant difference between NPT and SDF-treated (14.27 ± 2.17) or between SDF- and CNSF-treated groups. Conclusions: No difference in SBS of resin composite restorations when the dentin tissue is pretreated with either chitosan-based nano-silver fluoride or silver diamine fluoride. However, SBS of RMGI was lowered when the dentin tissue was pretreated with CNSF.

Background/Objectives: The present study investigated the effects on the mechanical and physical properties of PMMA when organoselenium was incorporated into it as antifungal at different concentrations. Methods: 141 PMMA rectangle samples were fabricated using a heat compression packing technique and assigned to 3 experimental groups (47/group): 0% organoselenium (control), 0.5% organoselenium (0.5% SE), and 1% organoselenium (1% SE). Each sample was post-processed and stored in water. A three-point bend test was performed to assess elastic modulus and flexural stress. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the exterior and interior surface topography. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Results: The mean flexure stress for the 0% samples was statistically significantly higher than those of the 0.5% samples and the 1% samples (p < 0.001). The mean elastic modulus for the 0% group was statistically significantly higher than those of the 0.5% group and the 1% group (p < 0.001). Under SEM, the 0.5% samples were smoother with fewer voids and irregularities. Conclusions: The incorporation of organoselenium into PMMA denture base negatively affected its physical and mechanical properties.

Purpose: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are among the most common dental pathologies observed in clinical practice. This study evaluated the clinical features of NCCLs in adult patients and assessed the relationship among age, lesion depth, dentin hypersensitivity (DHS), and sclerotic degree. Patients and Methods: A total of 78 patients were recruited, resulting in 178 teeth with NCCLs. An interviewer-assisted questionnaire was administered to obtain sociodemographic information and possible risk factors for each participant. Clinical assessments of the different features of NCCLs were evaluated and recorded. Pearson’s Correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between age, lesion depth, sensitivity, and sclerotic degree. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: Most of the affected teeth were first premolar 74 (41.6%), and abrasion constituted about two-third of the NCCLs (69%). Half of the total teeth with NCCLs had occlusal surface wear (51.7%). One hundred and sixteen (65.2%) teeth presented with saucer-shaped lesions, while 62 (34.8%) were wedge-shaped. There was a moderate positive correlation between the age and lesion depth (r = 0.394, p < 0.001) and a moderate positive correlation between the age and sclerotic degree (r = 0.408, p < 0.001). The correlation between the DHS and lesion depth was moderate and positive (r = 0.330, p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between DHS and the degree of sclerosis, but this was not statistically significant (r = − 0.075, p < 0.322). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that most adult teeth with NCCLs presented with abrasions, occlusal surface wear facets, saucer-shaped lesions, with lesion depths greater than 2.0 mm. There were moderate positive correlations between age, lesion depth, DHS, sclerotic dentin, and lesion depth. However, there was a negative correlation between the DHS and the degree of sclerosis.

Objective: To compare the stain-removing and whitening efficacy of GuruNanda™ enzyme-enriched whitening mouthwash formulations with those of a commercially available comparator and a placebo mouthwash. Methods: Eighty bovine enamel blocks were prepared and embedded in auto-polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin. Baseline tooth shade was digitally measured using a calibrated Vita EasyShade Advance spectrophotometer under standardized lighting conditions. Enamel surfaces were lightly etched (5 secs) with 32% phosphoric acid and then cycled several times between stain solution and natural saliva for pellicle formation over 24 hours, simulating extrinsic discoloration. The shade of stained tooth blocks was re-measured (post-staining shade). After staining, samples were randomly assigned to four experimental mouthwashes (n = 20): Gurunanda™ 6-Month-Aged-Enzyme (6M-GN-ENZ), Gurunanda™ Fresh-Enzyme (GN-ENZ), Comparator Whitening mouthwash (Comparator), and Placebo. Treatments simulated twice-daily with 2-minute swishing followed by 2-minute of toothbrushing with de-ionized distilled water (DDW) over 1, 4, and 8-week intervals. Post-treatment color measurements were obtained at each point. Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal–Wallis, and ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). Results: At each evaluation period, all active mouthwashes produced statistically significantly greater stain reduction than the placebo (p < 0.05). The mean percentage stain reduction differed significantly (p < 0.01) between time points (1, 4, 8 weeks) with 6M-GN-ENZ (38.96%, 47.58%, 52.35%) and GN-ENZ (28.69%, 37.95%, 39.95%). While Comparator (35.62%, 40.23%, 40.23%) and Placebo (0%, 14.62%, 21.87) showed no significant change over time. Conclusion: Swishing with GuruNanda™ enzyme-enhanced mouthwashes effectively removed extrinsic stains on teeth surfaces at a comparable rate to Comparator mouthwash but significantly outperforming the placebo.