Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) continues to pose a significant challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH). Non-adherence to ART can have far-reaching implications for patient well-being, particularly in increasing the risk of opportunistic infections when medication is not taken as prescribed. Objective: This study aimed to develop a theoretical model that explains how PLWH in Indonesia adhere to their ART regimen and the strategies they follow to maintain adherence. Methods: The study used a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 21 PLWH who had been taking ART for six months or more at a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Jakarta, Indonesia, between July 2019 and November 2019. Theoretical sampling was used, and the data analysis method of Corbin and Strauss was utilized, including open coding, axis coding, and selective coding. Results: Three stages were identified as a process of adherence to the ART regimen: 1) initiating ART, 2) missing the connection, and 3) taking control. Self-awareness was identified as the central core theme describing the ART adherence process. Conclusion: Having adequate self-awareness to take ART regularly is crucial to improving adherence to ART. Moreover, social support from one’s spouse and family members can help patients maintain adherence. Therefore, self-awareness and support systems should be included as components in nursing interventions when starting ART therapy. In addition, nurses can help identify potential support persons and provide information related to ART therapy.

A crucial factor in the success of treatment for patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Adherence issues remain a persisting problem with multifaceted causes. There are many studies on variables related to ARV therapy adherence, but no study has been found on spiritual well-being and distress tolerance in ARV therapy adherence. This study aims to determine the relationship between distress tolerance and spiritual well-being on adherence to ARV therapy in PLWHA. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample collection process followed a consecutive sampling technique, with data gathered from 129 participants at the South Lampung Regional General Hospital located in Indonesia. Data collection was conducted using three questionnaires administered by the interviewer, which assessed distress tolerance using the Miller–Smith Rating Scale For Stress Tolerance (MSRS-ST), evaluated spiritual Well-Being using the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and gauged ARV therapy adherence using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). Data analysis using a simple logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI) showed a significant relationship between distress tolerance (p-value 0.002) and spiritual well-being (p-value 0.036) towards ARV therapy adherence in PLWHA. The results of multiple logistic regression yielded distress tolerance as the most dominant and influential variable in this research. Distress tolerance and spiritual well-being impact adherence to ARV therapy in PLWHA. Suggestions for healthcare services should consider these factors to decrease the risk of non-adherence to therapy and inadvertently heighten mortality risk.

AbstrakDiskriminasi dan stigmatisasi terhadap ODHA telah dilaporkan terjadi di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta.\Tujuan dari penelitianini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan HIV, keyakinan agama, dan persepsi perawat tentang HIV-stigma mempengaruhisikap terhadap ODHA. Studi deskriptif korelatif dengan menggunakan mix method dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan.Sampel 326 perawat yang merawat ODHA dari 4 rumah sakit dan 5 pusat kesehatan masyarakat di Jakarta, direkrut menggunakanteknik convenience. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sikap terhadap ODHA secara signifikan berbeda antara perawat yang memilikipelatihan HIV dan yang tidak (p= 0,001; α= 0,05), bekerja di rumah sakit dan Puskesmas (p= 0,01; α= 0,05), perawat dengan latarbelakang pendidikan yang berbeda (p= 0,05; α= 0,05), dan perawat yang merasa kompeten atau tidak kompeten untuk merawatODHA (p= 0,001; α= 0,05). Peningkatan pengetahuan HIV diperlukan perawat untuk menurunkan stigma pasien ODHA.Kata kunci: Indonesia, perawat, stigma HIVAbstractDiscrimination and stigmatization towards PLWH has been documented in some hospitals in Jakarta. The purpose of thisstudy is to determine the extent to which the nurses’ HIV knowledge, religious beliefs, and their perception of HIV-stigmaaffect their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Descriptive correlative study with using mixed method in collecting data was used. Aconvenience sample of 326 nurses who are working with PLWH from 4 hospitals and 5 public health centers in Jakarta,Indonesia were recruited. The result shows that attitudes toward PLWH were significantly different between nurses who hadHIV training and not (p= 0.001; α= 0,05), works in hospitals and public health centers (p= 0.01; α= 0.05), nurses withdifferent educational background (p= 0.05; α= 0.05), and nurses who perceived that they are competent or not competent tocare PLWH (p= 0.001; α= 0.05). Increase of HIV knowledge required nurses to reduce PLWH patient’s stigma.Keywords: Indonesia, Nurses, HIV-stigma

Pendahuluan: Dispepsia adalah sekelompok gejala yang menunjukkan adanya penyakit saluran cerna bagian atas. Kondisi ini umumnya terjadi pada mahasiswa ilmu kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh stressor seperti stress akademik. Tujuan: untuk menganalisis hubungan stres akademik dengan kejadian dispepsia pada mahasiswa Gugus Ilmu Kesehatan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang melibatkan 283 siswa yang diperoleh dari metode proporsional cluster random sampling. Skala stres akademik dan kuesioner gejala dispepsia sama-sama digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil: Analisis data menunjukkan terdapat 54,4% siswa yang mengalami stres akademik sedang dan 17,3% siswa mengalami gejala dispepsia. Selain itu, analisis dengan korelasi spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan tidak signifikan antara stres akademik dengan kejadian dispepsia (pvalue= 0,188; r= 0,079). Kesimpulan: Stres akademik berhubungan dengan kejadian dispepsia. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi untuk melakukan penelitian terkait faktor lain penyebab dispepsia. Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menerapkan pola makan yang baik dan menerapkan pola hidup sehat.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a non-infectious disease that causes a high mortality rate in the world. The complementary medication reduces symptoms related to cardiovascular disease such as anxiety, stress, sleep quality, fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, nausea and vomiting. The medication is also to improve the life quality of the patients. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies known as Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) to reduce or relieve symptoms of various diseases and conditions including cardiovascular disease. Peppermint aromatherapy has a refreshing cold aroma that creates a feeling of comfort. Objectives: To identify the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy in improving several conditions, such as anxiety, stress, sleep quality, fatigue, and pain in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: The method uses a literature review with the PRISMA approach with a study database selection process consisting of ClinicalKey, ClinicalKey Nursing, Embase, Pro Quest, Sage Jornal, Science Direct, Scopus, and Springer Link using the keywords peppermint aromatherapy and cardiovascular disease patients. Results: Based on a review and review of five selected journals, it was found that peppermint aromatherapy helps improve cardiovascular disease disorders through its analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative and sleep enhancing properties. Conclusion: Cardiologists can use peppermint aromatherapy as an alternative therapy to reduce fatigue, pain, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and improve sleep quality in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Objective: Hemodialysis therapy management consists of four main aspects; hemodialysis program, medication, fluid restriction, and diet. One of important factors in patients’ adherence to hemodialysis therapy is the relationship between health care providers and patients. Nurses have a great role in improving patients’ adherence since they have the most acquaintances with patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between caring nurses’ behaviors and respondent characteristics with adherence to hemodialysis therapy management in end- stage renal disease patients. Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design with a cross sectional approach. A purposive sample of 97 ESRD patients on hemodialysis were involved in this study. data were collected using questionnaire to identify patients’ characteristics, perception on nurses caring behaviors, and compliance on hemodialysis therapy management. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses.Results: Over half of the patients were adherent to hemodialysis therapy management (50.5%) and perceived that nurses have caring behaviors (54.6%). Age, gender, education, economic and marital status were not associated with patients’ adherence. In addition, nurses caring behaviors were not related with patients’ adherence. In contrast, family support was significantly linked with patients’ adherence (p = 0.033).Conclusion: Nurses caring behaviors were not related to patients’ adherence but family support was. Nurses need to involve family in nursing care as appropriate to better improve patients’ adherence. Key words: end- stage renal disease, nurses’ caring behaviors, patients’ adherence