Aim: To examine the nature and prevalence of Cambodian nurses’ work hours and overtime and related factorsBackground: The chronic shortage of nursing workforce is a major cause of overtime among nurses.Introduction: Nursing shortage and working overtime among nurses negatively affect nurse and patient outcomes, but nurses’ work hours and overtime in Cambodia have not been comprehensively examined.Methods: A multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted in four Cambodian hospitals. Data were collected from 253 nurses providing direct nursing care using a questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting this study.Results: More than a fifth of staff nurses worked more than 48 h, which is the legal work hour limit in Cambodia. Two major reasons for working mandatory or voluntary overtime, on‐call or 24‐h on‐call were (a) not wanting to let down colleagues and (b) able to get all work done. The number of patients cared for was related to whether or not nurses worked 48 h or more.Conclusion: Overtime work and adverse nurse scheduling are common in Cambodia.Implications for nursing and health policy: Nurse managers and healthcare institutes in Cambodia need to monitor Cambodian nurses’ work hours, which are often beyond the legal work hour limit. Moreover, it is important to understand why nurses work overtime and develop health policies, strategies, and programs that can help promote patient and nurse safety and retain qualified nursing staff. The 24‐h on‐call practice needs to be regulated according to the labor policy in healthcare institutes to prevent adverse nurse and patient outcomes.

Recently, there has been a shift in smoking patterns among adolescents, with a decrease in the prevalence of conventional cigarette smoking and an increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The harmful effects of e-cigarettes are remarkable, highlighting the need for proactive interventions for adolescent users and smoking cessation that consider the characteristics of both conventional cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. This study aims to investigate the smoking status of adolescent conventional cigarette and e-cigarette smokers and to analyze the predictors of their smoking cessation plans (SCPs) based on the transtheoretical model. Self-rated health, prior smoking cessation education, consciousness-raising, and dramatic relief as types of experiential processes of change, and formation of helping relationships as a type of behavioral process of change significantly differed according to the type of cigarette behavior among adolescents. The predictors of SCP among adolescents were perceived pros of smoking and academic performance among conventional cigarette smokers and behavioral process of change, perceived pros of smoking, and economic status among e-cigarette users. This study identified differences in the characteristics and predictors of SCP. Strategies tailored to each specific adolescent smoking population are further required to promote smoking cessation.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify outpatients’ experiences of patient safety, patient satisfaction levels, and examine the factors influencing on patients’ satisfaction. Methods: Data from the Survey on the Experience with Healthcare Service in 2021 were used for this secondary analysis. Data from 6,027 patients aged over 20 who experienced outpatient health services in hospitals or clinics were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore as influential factors which are patient characteristics, health-related characteristics, and their experiences of patient safety. Results: Generally, the level of patient satisfaction was high as 90.6% of participants were satisfied with the received outpatient care. High patient satisfaction was related to gender (females), job (housewives), education level (below secondary education level) and perceived health status (good status). Besides, those who experience being educated the side effects related to the medications or no checking the safety facilities of medical institutions were more likely to satisfy with the outpatient care. Conclusions: It is revealed that demographic and health-related characteristics, and patient safety experiences affected patients’ satisfaction with outpatient health services. To improve overall patients’ satisfaction with outpatient care, it is needed to enhance nonclinical patient safety activities such as explaining medication related side effects for patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine health-related behaviors, and mental health of one-person household adults and health-related quality of life levels, and investigate factors influencing their health-related quality of life. Methods: A Secondary data from the 8th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019, 2021) were used for data analysis. Data from 839 one-person household adults aged over 20 were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to explore risk factors on quality of life. Results: Among single-person household adults, the study found that the smoking rate was 33.4%, with an alcohol consumption rate of 66.9%. Additionally, approximately 50.9% engaged in regular physical activity, 32.2% reported experiencing much stress, and 7.5% had experienced suicidal ideation. The overall quality of life was 0.81 out of 1 point. The factors influencing the quality of life were age, income, occupation, stress, and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: It appears that we need to identify whom have no job, low income, with high levels of stress and suicidal thoughts, from their early adulthood in single-person householdsand and to have attention and support for the health-related quality of life.

Introduction: Despite the recent increase in the number of e-cigarette users, the association between smoking patterns involving e-cigarette use, particularly dual use with conventional cigarettes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly explored. This study examined the association of dual use and cigarette-only smoking with MetS relative to non-smoking. Methods: This study involved 4,942 adults aged ≥19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2023). Participants were classified into non-smokers ( n = 4,156, 81.2%), cigarette-only smokers ( n = 625, 14.3%), and dual users ( n = 161, 4.4%), defined as current smokers of conventional cigarettes who concurrently use either heated tobacco products (HTPs) or liquid e-cigarettes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between smoking types and MetS. Results: The odds of MetS were significantly higher in dual users (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.19, p = 0.038) and cigarette-only smokers (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.10–1.81, p = 0.008) than in non-smokers. Considering MetS components, the odds of hypertriglyceridemia was higher in dual users (OR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.46–3.18, p < 0.001) and cigarette-only smokers (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.54–2.36, p < 0.001) than in non-smokers; the odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was higher only in cigarette-only smokers (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.78–3.02, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both dual users and cigarette-only smokers showed higher odds of MetS compared with non-smokers. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with both smoking groups, whereas low HDL cholesterol was associated only with cigarette-only smokers. Public health strategies should continue to support smoking cessation and improve awareness regarding the potential metabolic risks associated with smoking behaviors.