Snow is an indicator of climate change. Its variation can affect surface energy, water balance, and atmospheric circulation, providing important feedback on climate change. There is a lack of assessment of the spatial characteristics of multi-source snow data in Eurasia, and these data exhibit high spatial variability and other differences. Therefore, using data obtained from the Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCND) from 1980 to 2018, snow depth information from ERA5, MERRA2, and GlobSnow is assessed in this study. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics and the primary spatial modes of seasonal variations in snow depth are analyzed. The results show that the snow depth, according to GlobSnow data, is closer to that of the measured site data, while the ERA5_Land and MERRA2 data are overestimated. The annual variations in snow depth are consistent with seasonal variations in winter and spring, with an increasing trend in the mountains of Central Asia and Siberia and a decreasing trend in most of the rest of Eurasia. The dominant patterns of snow depth in late autumn, winter, and spring are all north–south dipole patterns, and there is overall consistency in summer.

Mitigating carbon emissions has become a pressing concern in the process of economic development across China due to China’s key strategic goal of reaching peak carbon and carbon neutrality. Henan Province, which is located in the Central Plains, has less forest area and coverage than other areas of the nation, but consumes plenty of energy. Therefore, the quantification of Henan’s potential carbon sink is crucial for the province’s response to climate change due to the national commitment to carbon reduction targets. This research estimated the carbon sink of tree forest vegetation in Henan Province from 2019 to 2060 based on the CO2FIX model using data from the 9th Forest Inventory Report and the forest planning targets of Henan Province. The results show the following: (1) The carbon sink of existing arbor forests is mainly composed of ecological public welfare forests, and a small-year fluctuation in the carbon sink will result from the rotation of commercial forests. (2) The peak carbon sink years for existing forests and new afforestation are between the young and middle ages of the trees, and the peak of the carbon sink in Henan Province as a whole was in 2032. (3) More than 72.4% of the overall carbon sink in Henan Province’s arbor forest vegetation comes from the above-ground portion. (4) The energy substitution effect of traditional and improved cookstoves is significantly enhanced during the main cutting period of the existing commercial arbor forest in Henan Province.