A significant proportion of patients experience a wide range of symptoms following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Laboratory analyses of long COVID have demonstrated imbalances in metabolic parameters, suggesting that it is one of the many outcomes induced by long COVID. Therefore, this study aimed to illustrate the clinical and laboratory markers related to the course of the disease in patients with long COVID. Participants were selected using a clinical care programme for long COVID in the Amazon region. Clinical and sociodemographic data and glycaemic, lipid, and inflammatory screening markers were collected, and cross-sectionally analysed between the long COVID-19 outcome groups. Of the 215 participants, most were female and not elderly, and 78 were hospitalised during the acute COVID-19 phase. The main long COVID symptoms reported were fatigue, dyspnoea, and muscle weakness. Our main findings show that abnormal metabolic profiles (such as high body mass index measurement and high triglyceride, glycated haemoglobin A1c, and ferritin levels) are more prevalent in worse long COVID presentations (such as previous hospitalisation and more long-term symptoms). This prevalence may suggest a propensity for patients with long COVID to present abnormalities in the markers involved in cardiometabolic health.

Long COVID affects many individuals following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and hematological changes can persist after the acute COVID-19 phase. This study aimed to evaluate these hematological laboratory markers, linking them to clinical findings and long-term outcomes in patients with long COVID. This cross-sectional study selected participants from a ‘long COVID’ clinical care program in the Amazon region. Clinical data and baseline demographics were obtained, and blood samples were collected to quantify erythrogram-, leukogram-, and plateletgram-related markers. Long COVID was reported for up to 985 days. Patients hospitalized in the acute phase had higher mean red/white blood cell, platelet, and plateletcrit levels and red blood cell distribution width. Furthermore, hematimetric parameters were higher in shorter periods of long COVID than in longer periods. Patients with more than six concomitant long COVID symptoms had a higher white blood cell count, a shorter prothrombin time (PT), and increased PT activity. Our results indicate there may be a compensatory mechanism for erythrogram-related markers within 985 days of long COVID. Increased levels of leukogram-related markers and coagulation activity were observed in the worst long COVID groups, indicating an exacerbated response after the acute disturbance, which is uncertain and requires further investigation.

Long Covid results from the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, involving the release of cytokines and the continuous activation of immune cells. This cross-sectional study investigates leukocyte and cytokine profiles in Long Covid patients in the Amazon, a region where such studies are limited. Blood samples were analysed for differential leukocyte counts and cytokine levels. We suggest elevated lymphocyte counts in hospitalised patients and those with severe COVID-19. Higher eosinophil counts were observed in patients with up to three months of Long Covid, and increased monocyte counts in those with up to six months. IL-2 levels were higher in patients with fewer symptoms and Long Covid duration of more than three months, whereas IL-10 may remain elevated for up to 12 months. We suggest positive correlations between neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes with different cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4, IL-17a, IL-2). Women were associated with lower hospitalisation rates and longer durations of Long Covid; increased lymphocyte counts were linked to hospitalisation due to COVID-19, while higher monocyte counts were associated with Long Covid durations of up to six months. We suggest that Long Covid patients may exhibit alterations in inflammatory markers, indicating a persistently pro-inflammatory microenvironment that tends to diminish after 12 months of Long Covid.

Introdução: Embora identificada a mais de 100 anos, a Doença de Chagas continua sem controle no Brasil, tanto em função do número instável de casos quanto pela carência de políticas públicas de enfrentamento efetivas. Em contexto recente o monitoramento dessa e de outras doenças tropicais negligenciadas pode ter perdido qualidade em função da chegada de novas doenças agudas no país e da decorrente sobrecarga de trabalho nos serviços de cuidado e atenção em saúde. Objetivo: avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da DCA através da comparação das séries históricas disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), tabulados entre 2011 e 2020. Método: Foram utilizados dados públicos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação coletados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: Aplicadas as técnicas quantitativas da epidemiologia descritiva, sugere-se que, nas áreas endêmicas e de alta vulnerabilidade para a Doença, a COVID-19 pode ter colaborado para o agravamento da subnotificação de Chagas, que apresentou redução próxima a 50% com relação à média dos anos anteriores. Conclusão: Admitindo que nesse momento a erradicação da Doença de Chagas e da COVID-19 não parecem próximas, o fortalecimento da Vigilância em Saúde é fator crítico de sucesso para a construção de cenários de saúde mais favoráveis.

COVID-19 became a pandemic disease in 2020, with multisystem involvement and high renal morbidity during the acute phase. Some affected patients began to present new or persistent symptoms in a condition known as Long COVID. The study aimed to evaluate renal function using clinical and laboratory findings, and to establish the frequency and staging of renal function decline in Long COVID patients, as well as the associated factors. This is a cross-sectional observational study that selected participants from a Long COVID clinical care program between 2020 and 2022. A total of 246 patients were selected for this study, and renal function decline was found in 83 (33.7%). Patients over 60 years (29.6%) and those who developed glycaemic alterations (41.8%) exhibited a higher prevalence of renal outcomes in long COVID. Some laboratory test as LDH levels and glycated hemoglobin seems to have a statistic relation with a decrease in renal function (p < 0.05). A decline in renal function was common in patients with Long COVID in this study, and older age and glycaemic alterations were relevant to this condition. Some laboratory markers can be used to predict this outcome.