Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can lead to severe joint impairment and chronic disability. Primary care (PC), provided by general practitioners (GPs), is the first level of contact for the population with the healthcare system. The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the approach to RA in the PC setting. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using the MESH terms “rheumatoid arthritis” and “primary care” from 2013 to 2023. The search strategy followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The 61 articles selected were analyzed qualitatively in a table and discussed in two sections, namely criticisms and strategies for the management of RA in PC. The main critical issues in the management of RA in PC are the following: difficulty and delay in diagnosis, in accessing rheumatological care, and in using DMARDs by GPs; ineffective communication between GPs and specialists; poor patient education; lack of cardiovascular prevention; and increase in healthcare costs. To overcome these criticisms, several management strategies have been identified, namely early diagnosis of RA, quick access to rheumatology care, effective communication between GPs and specialists, active patient involvement, screening for risk factors and comorbidities, clinical audit, interdisciplinary patient management, digital health, and cost analysis. PC appears to be the ideal healthcare setting to reduce the morbidity and mortality of chronic disease, including RA, if a widespread change in GPs’ approach to the disease and patients is mandatory.

Background: The increasing demand for care in hospital settings, often at a high intensity, requires organizing work according to 24 h shifts. Nevertheless, shift work (SW), especially at night, alters the circadian rhythm, negatively affecting the psychophysical health of nurses, compromising their quality of life, and jeopardizing patient safety. Shift-work-related diseases (SWDs) can arise from these disruptions. Methods: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of several types of medical, psychotherapeutic, and educational interventions and strategies on shift-work-related diseases (SWDs). The databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched using the MESH terms “shift work” and “nurses” from January 2015 to March 2025. A total of 43 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: Quantitative findings from the studies showed, for example, improvements in sleep quality scores ranging from 15% to 40% with optimized shift planning, reductions in fatigue scores by 20–35% through strategic napping, and moderate effect sizes for light therapy interventions. Physical activity and relaxation techniques were associated with a 10–25% improvement in subjective well-being indices, while meal timing interventions led to reductions in gastrointestinal symptom prevalence by up to 18%. The selected articles were discussed by dividing them according to the type of intervention applied to shift nurses, namely improvement of shift planning, light and temperature modulation, introduction of napping, supplementation, meal management, psychotherapy, sleep education, physical activity, relaxation techniques and yoga, music therapy, and aromatherapy. This categorization was performed to highlight the range of strategies tested and their relative quantitative impact. Conclusions: There is evidence that SWDs can be mitigated through targeted interventions and strategies. The limitations of the studies examined include small sample sizes, extreme heterogeneity of follow-up, the few numbers of randomized controlled trials, and the prevalence of female or Intensive Care Unit nurses in study samples. Further research should focus on large-scale randomized controlled trials, multicenter longitudinal studies, and the evaluation of the most promising interventions—particularly light therapy, optimized shift scheduling, and structured napping protocols—to assess their long-term efficacy and generalizability.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium widely distributed in the world's population, represents the most common cause of chronic gastritis and the main risk factor for stomach cancer. The main obstacle to the eradication of H. pylori is antibiotic resistance, therefore new therapeutic strategies are necessary. Recently, periodontitis has been correlated with several systemic diseases, including H. pylori-associated gastritis. The common pathogenetic link between these two diseases is the chronic inflammation induced by bacteria in the oral cavity and stomach. This systematic review aims to evaluate the benefits of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on Helicobacter pylori eradication. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched using the MESH terms “Helicobacter pylori” and “periodontal treatment”, “Helicobacter pylori” and “periodontal”, “Helicobacter pylori” and “scaling root planning” from January 2015 to January 2025, leading to 11 records included in the final analysis. The periodontal treatments evaluated in the studies are scaling and root planing and mouthwashing, in addition to antibiotic protocols for H. pylori eradication (HPE). A quality assessment and risk-of-bias of the studies were also performed. There is evidence that patients with H. pylori infection benefit from NSPT. The limitations of the studies examined are the small samples, the short follow-up, and the few numbers of randomized controlled trials. According to our data, NSPT might be included in HPE guidelines.

To evaluate the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) on stage of hepatic steatosis measured by abdominal ultrasound (US) in patients affected by Metab

Periodontitis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, frequently linked to systemic conditions through complex immunological pathways. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are pivotal in maintaining immune homeostasis by producing anti-inflammatory mediators and enforcing self-tolerance. Recent research has highlighted their role in inflammatory, immune-mediated, and neoplastic diseases. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, exploring the role of Tregs in periodontitis, including patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cancer, with a focus on cytokine profile alterations and therapeutic implications of Treg modulation. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane from January 2015 to August 2025 using “periodontitis” and “Tregs” or “regulatory T cells” yielded 20 studies. Available evidence suggests alterations in the balance between immunomodulatory Tregs and pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocytes, together with changes in related cytokine profiles compared with healthy controls. Changes in Treg-related immune markers have also been reported following periodontal interventions; however, these findings do not establish a causal role for Treg modulation or support Treg-targeted therapies in current clinical practice. Well-designed prospective studies and, where appropriate, randomized controlled trials are required to strengthen causal and therapeutic inference.