Although the interest in lithium recycling is increasing the current global lithium recycling rate is lower than 1%. For this reason, our paper aims to explain the needs, current state and future directions of lithium recycling technologies.

Development of Na-ion battery electrolyte with high-performance electrochemical properties and high safety is still challenging to achieve. In this study, we report on a NASICON (Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂)-based composite hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) designed for use in a high safety solid-state sodium battery for the first time. The composite HSE design yields the required solid-state electrolyte properties for this application, including high ionic conductivity, a wide electrochemical window, and high thermal stability. The solid-state batteries of half-cell type exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 330 and 131 mA h g⁻¹ for a hard carbon anode and a NaFePO₄ cathode at a 0.2C-rate of room temperature, respectively. Moreover, a pouch-type flexible solid-state full-cell comprising hard carbon/HSE/NaFePO₄ exhibits a highly reversible electrochemical reaction, high specific capacity, and a good, stable cycle life with high flexibility.

Graphene–Co₃O₄nanocomposite as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for lithium–air batteries.

A high energy hybrid capacitor fabricated from highly porous graphitic carbon and novel electrode material Ni₂P₂O₇delivers a maximum energy density of 65 W h kg⁻¹at a power density of 800 W kg⁻¹, good rate capability and cycling stability in an aqueous Na-ion based electrolyte.

A PTMA-impregnated CNT electrode achieves the enhancement of discharge capacity, cycleability and rate capability of sodium batteries.