We use 2018–2020 Sentinel-1 InSAR time series data to study post-seismic deformation processes following the 2017 Mw 7.3 Kermanshah, Iraq earthquake. We remove displacements caused by two large aftershock sequences from the displacement field. We find that for a six month period the response is dominated by afterslip along the up-dip extension of the coseismic rupture zone, producing up to 6 cm of radar line-of-sight displacements. The moment magnitude of afterslip is Mw 5.9 or 12% of the mainshock moment. After that period, the displacement field is best explained by viscoelastic relaxation and a lower crustal viscosity of ${\eta }_{lc}=1_{-0.4}^{+0.8}\times {10}^{19}\mathrm{Pas}$ . The viscosity of the uppermost mantle is not constrained by the data, except that it is larger than $0.6\times {10}^{19}\mathrm{Pas}$ . The relatively high lower crustal and uppermost mantle viscosities are consistent with a cold and dry lithosphere of the Zagros region.

In the early stages, uncontrolled groundwater extraction led to the Hangjiahu (HJH) Plain becoming one of the areas with the most severe land subsidence in China. Since the beginning of this century, comprehensive measures have been taken to control the continuous aggravation of large land subsidence patterns in some areas; however, urban land subsidence issues, influenced by various factors, still persist and exhibit complex geographical distribution characteristics. In this study, we utilized Sentinel-1A images and the SBAS-InSAR technique to capture surface deformation over the HJH Plain in Zhejiang from 16 March 2017 to 20 January 2023. Through a comparative analysis with geological conditions, changes in surface mass loading, rainfall and groundwater, and land use types, we discussed the contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to land subsidence. Augmented with optical remote sensing images and field investigations, we conducted a correlation analysis of the land subsidence status. The preliminary findings suggest that changes in surface mass loading and short-term heavy rainfall under extreme weather conditions can lead to periodic land subsidence changes in the region. Additionally, extensive infrastructure construction triggered by urbanization has resulted in significant and sustained land subsidence deformation. The research findings play an important guiding role in formulating scientifically effective strategies for land subsidence prevention and control, as well as urban planning and construction.

High-precision and high-resolution surface deformation provide crucial constraints for studying the kinematic characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of crustal movement. Considering the limitations of existing geodetic observations, we used Sentinel-1 SAR images and accurate GNSS velocity to obtain a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) surface velocity map across the Laohushan segment and the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake rupture zone of the Haiyuan Fault on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We tied the InSAR LOS (Line of Sight) velocity to the stable Eurasian reference frame adopted by GNSS. Using Kriging interpolation constrained by GNSS north–south components, we decomposed the ascending and descending InSAR velocities into east–west and vertical components to derive a high-resolution 3D deformation. We found that a sharp velocity gradient extending ~45 km along the strike of the Laohushan segment, with a differential movement of ~3 mm/a across the fault, manifests in the east–west velocity component, suggesting that shallow creep has propagated to the surface. However, the east–west velocity component did not exhibit an abrupt discontinuity in the rupture zone of the Haiyuan earthquake. Subsidence caused by anthropogenic and hydrological processes in the region, such as groundwater extraction, coal mining, and hydrologic effects, exhibited distinct distribution characteristics in the vertical velocity component. Our study provides valuable insights into the crustal movement in this region.