Hand vein image segmentation is crucial for diverse applications such as precise biometric identification and facilitating medical intravenous procedures. This paper introduces an enhanced hand vein image segmentation method utilizing deep learning, specifically a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). The cGAN is trained adversarially and augmented with a modied ecient channel attention (ECA) mechanism module. The efficiency of the proposed technique was evaluated using four hand vein datasets: self-acquired dataset, SUAS, WILCHES, and BOSPHORUS. Performance comparison reveals that the proposed method outperforms alternative approaches, achieving the best results across all datasets with an average sensitivity of 0.8878, average accuracy of 0.9639, and average dice coeffcient of 0.7904 for vein patterns. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed segmentation technique significantly enhances hand vein patterns and improves dorsal hand vein detection accuracy.