Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri) is the dominant parasitoid against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in fruit-producing regions of southern China. Prior to a large-scale release, it is important to generate a sufficient stockpile of P. incisi whilst considering how best to maintain their quality and performance; cold storage is an ideal method to achieve these aims. In this study, the impacts of temperature and storage duration on the developmental parameters of P. incisi pupae at different age intervals were assessed. Then, four of the cold storage protocols were chosen for further evaluating their impacts on the quality parameters of post-storage adults. Results showed that the emergence rate of P. incisi was significantly affected by storage temperature, storage duration, and pupal age interval and their interactions. However, when late-age P. incisi pupae developed at a temperature of 13 °C for 10 or 15 d, no undesirable impacts on dry weight, flight ability, longevity, reproduction parameters of post-storage adults, emergence rate, or the female proportion of progeny were recorded. Our findings demonstrate that cold storage has the potential for enhancing the flexibility and effectiveness of the large-scale production and application of P. incisi.

The invasive pest, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake), has become a significant threat to China’s citrus industry. Predicting the area of potentially suitable habitats for B. tsuneonis is essential for optimizing pest control strategies that mitigate its impact on the citrus industry. Here, existing distribution data for B. tsuneonis, as well as current climate data and projections for four future periods (2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were obtained. The distribution of B. tsuneonis under current and different climate change scenarios in China was predicted using the optimized MaxEnt model, ArcGIS, and the ENMeval data package. Model accuracy was assessed using ROC curves, and the primary environmental factors influencing the distribution of the pest were identified based on the percent contribution. When the regularization multiplier (RM) was set to 1.5 and the feature combination (FC) was set to LQH, a model with lower complexity was obtained. Under these parameter settings, the mean training AUC was 0.9916, and the mean testing AUC was 0.9854, indicating high predictive performance. The most influential environmental variables limiting the distribution of B. tsuneonis were the Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (Bio18) and Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100) (Bio4). Under current climatic conditions, potentially suitable habitat for B. tsuneonis in China covered an area of 215.9 × 10⁴ km², accounting for 22.49% of the country’s land area. Potentially suitable habitat was primarily concentrated in Central China, South China, and East China. However, under future climatic projections, the area of suitable habitat for B. tsuneonis exhibited varying degrees of expansion. Furthermore, the centroid of the total suitable habitat for this pest gradually shifted westward and northward. These findings suggest that B. tsuneonis will spread to northern and western regions of China under future climate changes. The results of our study indicate that climate change will have a major effect on the invasion of B. tsuneonis and have implications for the development of strategies to control the spread of B. tsuneonis in China.

Cold storage and heat exposure are crucial components of tephritid fruit fly mass-rearing programs, as they influence the development and fitness traits of produced flies. This work investigated the effects of cold storage on the pupal developmental parameters and quality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) genetic sexing strain (GSS) adults. Furthermore, the impact of short-term thermal exposure on the fecundity of B. dorsalis (GSS) that also underwent pupal cold storage was examined. Our results show that pupal development time, emergence rate, partial emergence rate, flight ability and fecundity were significantly affected by low temperature and pupal age and their interaction. Pupal cold storage did not pose negative impacts on the mating competition and response to methyl eugenol (ME) in the males. In addition, compared with the adults that were subjected to the same pupal storage protocol (five-day-old pupae stored at 13 °C), adult exposure to 41 °C for 1 h showed significant reparative effects on fecundity. In summary, the cold storage procedure of B. dorsalis (GSS) pupae has the potential to improve the flexibility and efficiency of mass-rearing schedules. Furthermore, short-term thermal exposure showed reparative effects on the fecundity costs induced by pupal cold storage in B. dorsalis (GSS).

Fopius arisanus (Sonan, 1932), an important egg parasitoid of several notorious tephritid pests, plays a key role in biological control programs. In the present study, the whole mitochondrial genome of F. arisanus was sequenced and characterized. The mitogenome of F. arisanus is 16,425 bp in length with 14.94% GC content, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The phylogenetic trees demonstrated that F. arisanus is sister group to Psyttalia concolor, P. humilis, P. lounsburyi and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata.

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly pest of economic importance in regions of the world where it occurs. This pest is now established in most parts of Fujian Province, an important fruit-production region in China. However, basic life history information of B. dorsalis on different fruits in this region, which is crucial for developing more effective control approaches, is poorly known. The demographic parameters of B. dorsalis on four fruit types: navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb. var. brasliliensis Tanaka; Rutaceae), carambola ( Averrhoa carambola L.; Oxalidaceae), loquat [ Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.; Rosaceae], and persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.; Ebenaceae) were determined. Results showed that all tested fruit types were suitable for population persistence of B. dorsalis , but the suitability varied. The developmental rate, intrinsic rate of increase ( R _m ), net reproductive rate ( R ₀ ), and finite rate of increase ( λ ) were significantly greater on persimmon compared with the other fruits. Under experimental conditions, fastest development, highest fecundity, highest survival, and heaviest pupal weight were observed on persimmon fruit, demonstrating that persimmon is a suitable host fruit for the growth and reproduction of B. dorsalis . The findings of this study will be valuable in the development of targeted control methods for managing B. dorsalis in orchards, with a particular focus on mixed orchards.