Over the past ten years, African cities have been trying to move towards sustainable food supply by setting up short food distribution circuits (CCs). This article analyzes household behavior towards CCs in Grand Lomé, Togo, using a survey of 963 randomly sampled households, 13 focus groups, 6 individual interviews, as well as observation. Excel spreadsheets and R-Studio software were used to process and analyze quantitative data, while content analysis was applied to the verbal statements collected. At the end of the surveys, multiple-choice questions enabled us to detect, firstly, a low level of use of CCs, with 8.79%, 7.73% and 4.66% of respondents respectively resorting to "online purchasing", "self-production of food" and "the farmer's home". On the other hand, 92.37% of households go to public markets and 81.99% use informal food shops. Next, a correlation was observed between the "type of shop" frequented and "profession" : salaried workers, shopkeepers and students go to quality shops, while artisans make do with lower-quality shops. Finally, the main reasons for visiting markets are "affordability" and "physical proximity", while "quality" and the "local character of the food" are less important. Actions are proposed to increase the role of CCs in this city.

In West Africa, vegetable supply chain development projects in Accra and Greater Lomé focus scarcely on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of vegetable producers, traders and processors. Thus, the research aims to assess the level of sanitary, socio-economic and environmental sustainability of vegetable production, trade and processing in these cities, based on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of stakeholders. A quantitative multi-criteria evaluation approach was adopted, with reference to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standard 13 and Codex Alimentarius (CXC 1-1969 then CXC 53-2003). A sample of 303 people (156 in Accra and 147 in Greater Lomé) was formed using purposive sampling based on the assertion of E.R. Babbie (2016) and L. Kish (1965) combined with the comparison of S. Sudman (1976). Kobocollect and MS Excel respectively served to collect data and calculate KAP scores and percentages. Arcgis and Google Earth facilitated geographic representation of the data. The results reveal low rates of ecological (27.2%), health (26.9%), socio-economic (39.9%), technological and innovative (18.6%) KAP, evaluated at 28.6%. These results are unfavorable to the achievement of the SDGs. Hence the importance of an integrated, ongoing eco-nutritional education program for all stakeholders.

Like other cities in West Africa, Accra's market garden sector faces a number of sustainability challenges. However, the sector's sustainability projects focus less on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the stakeholders in this food system, and more on the other factors that can enhance its socio-economic, health and ecological sustainability. Thus, the research aims to assess the level of health, socio-economic and environmental sustainability of market garden vegetable production, trade and processing in the Accra metropolitan district, based on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of stakeholders. A quantitative multi-criteria evaluation approach was adopted, using a questionnaire survey targeting 156 respondents (50 producers, 63 traders and 43 processors) selected by purposive sampling. The data collected by Kobocollect were processed using Excel, Arcgis and Google Earth. Average scores and good KAP rates were calculated for all players taken together, and particularly in consideration of the key dimensions of sustainable development. The results reveal low rates for ecological (28.24%), health (20.15%), socio-economic (36.15%), technological and innovative (14.25%) knowledge, attitudes and practices, evaluated overall at 26.87%. These results are unfavorable to the achievement of the SDGs, and do not meet either standard 13 of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2023, or the principles of nutritional ecology. Hence the importance of an integrated, long-term eco-nutritional education program for all stakeholders.

Climate variations negatively impact municipalities in West Africa. In the municipalities of Zio1 and Zou, climate variations have consequences on the local economy. However, these municipalities are unable to implement climate actions defined at the local level. This research is based on the following hypothesis : in Zio1 as in Zou, the same difficulties in implementing climate planning are explained by choices of carrying out socio-economic development projects to the detriment of implementing climate actions. This article aims to examine the explanatory factors for the difficulties in implementing climate planning in the municipalities of Zio1 and Zou. In this research, climate variables from gridded observed data for the years 1981 to 2022 were used to analyze current climate conditions. For the analysis of future climate conditions, namely from 2021 to 2050, nine general circulation models were used. For socio-demographic data, a survey was conducted among 449 people aged 18 and over, spread across the territories of Zio1 and Zou. The results show that the implementation of climate actions is not a priority in the municipalities of Zoi1 and Zou. Several projects carried out at the local level are not sized to take into account climate variations.

Achieving sustainability goals in developing countries is crucial because of vulnerabilities related to climate change, capital scarcity and increased investment risks. Entrepreneurship is a means of overcoming the ecological, economic and social problems and challenges in terms of transport, consumption, production, development and food that the continent is facing as a result of the remarkable growth in its urban population. Innovative young companies are proposing solutions that take into account the cultural, social and economic realities of users. This potential for businesses to have an impact on sustainability is limited by the financial difficulties associated with the traditional business development model. Using an approach centred on life in the region, this article highlights the opportunities represented by innovative entrepreneurship in territories in need of sustainability. It aims to stimulate reflection on the need to rethink the economic model for innovative businesses with a sustainable impact, whose solutions need to be widely disseminated by considering other forms of investment. It is therefore suggested that local administrators, be they municipalities, cities or regions, should themselves become entrepreneurs by investing in impact businesses. This article invites to consider territorial entrepreneurship as consider entrepreneurship as a dynamic for anchoring sustainable innovations in regions.

The spatial dynamics of greater Lomé and Atakpamé lead to land pressures marked by increased demands for building plots. These desires for land create land insecurity, the implications of which disrupt the social development of populations. The objective of This item is to explain how land insecurity and its implications influence the social evolution of the populations of greater Lomé and Atakpamé. To achieve this, this research used quantitative and qualitative approaches based respectively on questionnaire administration and individual interview techniques. In total, 97 people victims of land insecurity were interviewed in greater Lomé compared to 89 in Atakpamé. The results from field studies showed that in greater Lomé, land insecurity is caused by double sales of land, eviction and expropriation. In Atakpamé, they manifest themselves in the selling off of arable land and the clandestine sale of inheritance land. As a result of these insecurities, buyers, whether from greater Lomé or Atakpamé, have lost their land and are forced to return, for some, to rental properties and for others, to family homes. Also, the loss of property rights on land has caused, among the populations of Atakpamé, the cessation of income-generating activities based mainly on agriculture. These situations have made buyers vulnerable and destabilized their social and economic development. Which plunges them into long-term precariousness.