Christopher J Williams, MS, PhD Incubation and Hatchery Consultant E-mail: cjw704353@gmail.com Dr. Williams retired as Director of Technical Service for Zoetis in 2022. He was employed with Embrex, Inc. from 1988 to 2007 as Director of Global Technical Development and continued with the company through its transformation from Pfizer to Zoetis. Chris supported in ovo technology applications at the customer level as well as internal subject matter expert to the engineering, field service, and veterinary services teams to optimize and develop in ovo devices and vaccine applications. Since his retirement he consults exclusively on an as needed basis. Chris received ten patents for novel in ovo concepts, hatching egg sanitation and embryo viability detection. In addition, he donated his time as an adjunct professor at NC State and Mississippi State Universities. He has contributed to, edited, and authored more than 75 articles and studies in trade journals and publications on several topics, including in ovo technology and vaccination, hatchery sanitation, management of Aspergillus, egg candling and viability detection. Dr. Williams received Master of Science and Doctorate degrees in Avian Physiology from North Carolina State University, as well as a Bachelor of Science degree in Poultry Science. He currently resides with his wife in Apex, NC.