Background: The beneficial properties of wine by-products include actions that help prevent and treat cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, primarily due to their antioxidant effects. Novel pharmacotherapies are being developed to treat arterial hypertension, including investigations into natural products exhibiting biological activity, necessitating rigorous evaluation of their efficacy and safety. This study aimed to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in Syrah (Vitis vinifera) grapes grown in the Brazilian Cerrado and their presence in winemaking by-products. It also examined the effects of grape pomace on blood pressure. Methods: Fresh grapes, pomace, and lees, were subjected to spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic compounds, followed by identification and quantification using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Normotensive male rats (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received grape pomace-enriched (150 or 300 mg/kg/day, 14 days) or standard chow. Indirect arterial pressure was assessed, while vascular reactivity was evaluated in mesenteric resistance arteries. Results: Pomace samples exhibited higher total phenolic compound concentrations than grapes or lees. Seven derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids and twenty-one flavonols were identified. Quercetin-3-glucoside and ethyl caffeate were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Grape pomace-enriched chow demonstrated a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in rats. Conclusion: the abundance of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, combined with their hypotensive effects, underscores the therapeutic potential of fine wine-making by-products produced in the Brazilian Cerrado.

The effect of postpartum interval at the beginning of the timed artificial insemination (DPP-D0) and conception rate (P/AI) and pregnancy loss (PL) in conventional and early primiparous, as well as, the impact of uterine inflammation on P/AI in early primiparous (EP) cows were studied. In Experiment 1, early primiparous (first calving at 24 months of age; n= 1.495) and conventional primiparous (CP: first calving at 36 months of age; n= 2.342) cows were evaluated. P/AI was similar between EP and CP cows (54.45% vs. 53.71%; P= 0.65), as was PL (EP 9.48 vs. CP: 8.87%; P= 0.63). P/AI was greater above the DPP-D0 thresholds identified for EP (>46.5 days: 60.14% vs. 51.20%) and CP cows (>42.5 days: 56.35% vs. 48.54%; P< 0.05). PL was negatively associated with DPP-D0 (P=0.03). In experiment 2, 661 EP cows were randomly assigned to PGF2α (N = 335) or saline solution (SS; N = 326) on D0. The treatment did not affect P/AI (55.52% vs. 55.83%; P= 0.93) or PL (P=0.27). In the cytology subset (n= 100), D0 PMN proportions ranged from 1% to 19%, and P/AI tended to be lower with PMN>4% (42.8% vs. 63.8%; P=0.059). A time × treatment × purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) interaction was detected for PMN proportion (P = 0.03) PMN decreased from D0 to D8 in PVD-positive cows treated with PGF2α but not in PVD-positive SS cows. Thus, PGF2α modified PMN dynamics according to uterine clinical status without altering fertility.