Natural disasters pose serious threats to human survival. With global warming, disaster chains related to extreme weather are becoming more common, making it increasingly urgent to understand the relationships between different types of natural disasters. However, there remains a lack of research on the frequent spatial-temporal intervals between different disaster events. In this study, we utilize textual records of natural disaster events to mine frequent spatial-temporal patterns of disasters in China. We first transform the discrete spatial-temporal disaster events into a graph structure. Due to the limit of computing power, we reduce the number of edges in the graph based on domain expertise. We then apply the GraMi frequent subgraph mining algorithm to the spatial-temporal disaster event graph, and the results reveal frequent spatial-temporal intervals between disasters and reflect the spatial-temporal changing pattern of disaster interactions. For example, the pattern of sandstorms happening after gales is mainly concentrated within 50 km and rarely happens at farther spatial distances, and the most common temporal interval is 1 day. The statistical results of this study provide data support for further understanding disaster association patterns and offer decision-making references for disaster prevention efforts.