Objective: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the efficacy and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) using particle embolic agents to treat cSDH. Methods: To retrieve articles investigating outcomes of patients following MMAE with particle agents and to compare their outcome with conventional treatment, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords. Original articles with more than 10 cases were included. The meta-analysis was carried out using the R studio and the random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Peter's test and quality assessment using NIH tools. Results: Eleven studies with 359 patients were included. The analysis revealed a pooled recurrence rate of 5% (CI: 3–8%), a need for reoperation rate of 5% (3–9%), and a peri-procedural complication rate of 4% (CI:2–9%) following MMAE with particle embolic agents. The pooled rates of decrease in size or resolution of the hematoma were 85% (CI:66–94%) and 66% (39–86%), respectively. Comparing MMAE using particulate embolysate with conventional treatments, risk ratio (RR) of 0.10 (CI:0.04–0.27) was achieved for recurrence, 0.25(CI:0.13–0.49) for reoperation, and 0.34 (CI:0.16–0.27) for peri-procedural complications. 91% of cSDH cases responded to MMAE with particles in the way they showed either down-sizing or complete resolution of the hematoma on follow-up imaging. In comparison, this rate was found to be 63% following conventional treatment. Conclusion: Middle meningeal artery embolization using particle embolysates is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of cSDH, whether as a standalone intervention or in combination with conventional treatments.

Background: OPG accounts for 3–5% of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors and about 2% of pediatric glial lesions. Methods: Article selection was performed by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Results: The pooled mortality rate was 0.12 (95%CI 0.09–0.14). Due to the unrepresentative data, improved and not changed outcomes were classified as favorable outcomes and worsened as unfavorable. Meta-analyses were performed to determine the rate of clinical and radiological favorable outcomes. In terms of visual assessment, the pooled rate of a favorable outcome in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery was 0.74, 0.81, and 0.65, respectively, and the overall pooled rate of the favorable outcome was 0.75 (95%CI 0.70–0.80). In terms of radiological assessment, the rate of a favorable outcome following chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery was 0.71, 0.74, and 0.67, respectively, and the overall pooled rate of the favorable outcome is 0.71 (95%CI 0.65–0.77). The subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference in the rate of clinical and radiological favorable outcomes between the different treatment modalities (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our analyses showed that each therapeutic modality represents viable treatment options to achieve remission for these patients.

Chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant global healthcare burden. Current risk assessment methods have notable limitations in early detection and risk stratification. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative biomarkers that facilitate the premature CAD diagnosis, ultimately leading to reduction in associated morbidity and mortality rates. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in emerging biomarkers for CAD detection. Our analysis delves into various aspects of these biomarkers such as their mechanisms of action, roles in the pathophysiology of the disease, and different measurement techniques employed in clinical practice. Comparative assessment of biomarker performance between CAD patients and control groups was also presented relying on their sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve at specific cutoff points. In this regard, prominent biomarkers including Tenascin-C, IL-37, PTX3, transthyretin, soluble interleukin-6 receptor α, and miR-15a are identified as having high diagnostic potential for chronic CAD that indeed showcase promising performance metrics. These findings underscore the role of novel biomarkers in enhancing CAD risk stratification and improving patient outcomes through early intervention. However, the pursuit of an ideal and inclusive biomarker continues due to the multifaceted nature of CAD. Future randomized controlled trials are essential to bridge the gap between research findings and clinical practice in order to augment the practical application of these biomarkers in routine healthcare settings.

Background and Aims: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a prevalent, often overlooked condition linked to significant morbidity and mortality in older adults. Due to the high risks associated with conventional surgery, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) has emerged as a less invasive alternative. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes and echocardiographic indices of TTVR. Methods: Five databases were searched systematically, and eligible studies included patients with moderate or severe TR who underwent TTVR. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I tool for observational studies and the JBI checklist for case series. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of TTVR on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and echocardiographic parameters. Results: Twenty‐one studies with 643 patients (mean age 75.8 years, 70.76% female) reported a 94% technical success rate for TTVR (95% CI: 91–96%). 30‐day mortality was 4% (95% CI: 2–6%) and 1‐year mortality was 9% (95% CI: 6%–13%). Significant improvements were noted in TR severity (OR = 0.0013, 95% CI: 0.0006–0.0027, p < 0.001) and PASP (MD = −8.69 mmHg, 95% CI: −11.54 to −5.84, p < 0.001), along with reductions in right ventricular base diameter (MD = −6.33 mm, 95% CI: −8.92 to −3.75, p < 0.001) and RV end‐diastolic mid diameter (MD = −6.33 mm; 95% CI [−8.18, −5.52]; p < 0.001; I² = 5%). Conclusion: TTVR presents a promising treatment alternative for high‐risk patients with severe TR, demonstrating high technical success, favorable clinical outcomes, and significant echocardiographic improvements. While the procedure is associated with low in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality, further studies are needed to evaluate long‐term outcomes and optimize patient selection for this emerging therapy.

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, making early detection and risk assessment critical. Various clinical tools, including the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score, have been developed to predict cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate the association of various Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings with 10‐year ASCVD risk scores in asymptomatic individuals without prior cardiovascular events, using data from the Shiraz Heart Study (SHS). Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study included participants aged 40–70 years from the Shiraz Heart Study (SHS). Inclusion criteria required complete ECG data and recorded ASCVD risk factors. ECG findings, encompassing both continuous and categorical variables, were reviewed by trained cardiologists. ASCVD risk scores were calculated using demographic and clinical variables. Statistical analyses, including multivariate regression, assessed associations between ECG parameters and 10‐year ASCVD risk scores, adjusting for key confounders. Result: A total of 1471 participants were included in the study, with 44.5% male ( N = 654) and a mean age of 51.65 years (SD = 7.84). The mean ASCVD score was 5.49 (SD = 6.41). Significant associations were found between continuous ECG variables, such as P‐wave duration, PR interval, QRS duration, and QRS axis, with ASCVD risk. Categorical ECG findings, including ST depression, ST elevation, left bundle branch block (LBBB), prolonged P‐wave duration, and left atrial enlargement, were also significantly associated with ASCVD scores. Multivariate linear regression identified ST depression ( B = 0.060, p < 0.001) and LBBB ( B = 0.031, p = 0.039) as independent predictors of ASCVD risk, after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol levels. Conclusion: ST depression and LBBB show a modest association with cardiovascular risk stratification using the 10‐year ASCVD risk score. Incorporating these ECG markers into clinical assessments may aid in identifying high‐risk individuals, enabling more personalized interventions and refining cardiovascular risk prediction models.