The academic literature on and industrial practice of control of solution crystallization processes have seen major advances in the past 15 years that have been enabled by progress in in-situ real-time sensor technologies and driven primarily by needs in the pharmaceutical industry for improved and more consistent quality of drug crystals. These advances include the accurate measurement of solution concentrations and crystal characteristics as well as the first-principles modeling and robust model-based and model-free feedback control of crystal size and polymorphic identity. Research opportunities are described in model-free controller design, new crystallizer designs with enhanced control of crystal size distribution, strategies for the robust control of crystal shape, and interconnected crystallization systems for multicomponent crystallization.
This paper describes a model for laboratory education based on Kolb's experiential learning theory. The method is implemented using modern teaching technologies and a combination of remote, virtual, and hands‐on laboratory sessions and have been applied to the teaching of the undergraduate process control laboratory at the Chemical Engineering Department at Loughborough University, United Kingdom. An argument that poor learning in the laboratory is due to insufficient activation of the prehension dimension of Kolb's cycle was suggested and verified, providing a pedagogical explanation. The quantitative analysis showed significant enhancement of the learning outcomes of the experimental group compared with the control group. Apart from the hands‐on session, the proposed model involves additional activities, such as pre‐ and post‐lab tests and virtual laboratory sessions, which are associated with Kolb's cycle to facilitate constructivist learning. The paper provides the first laboratory education model that builds thoroughly on Kolb's experiential learning theory.