THz radiation is increasingly used for diagnostics in medicine. As technology utilizing THz radiation continues to develop rapidly, it is becoming increasingly important to consider its biological effects and establish safe exposure standards and parameters. The paper presents data on the clinical status and functional properties of the anterior and posterior structures of the eyes of rabbits after THz irradiation at the frequency of 2.3 THz. Terahertz radiation was generated at Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) at “Siberian Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Centre” (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia). The exposure durations used were 15 and 30 minutes. Intensity ranges were I1=0.012 mW/cm², I2=0.018 mW/cm², and I3=0.024 mW/cm². The study investigated the effects of various time and power irradiation protocols on the California rabbit’s eyes and after a period of one month, but no significant clinical or functional alterations were observed in response to the established intensity protocols. However, the study identified statistically significant changes in corneal hydration and endothelial cell density over time, particularly under protocols with 15- and 30-minute exposures. A negative correlation was found between endothelial cell density and corneal thickness (r=-0.36, p=0.042), suggesting that a reduction in the endothelial cell pool may be associated with increased corneal thickness. These changes were subclinical and did not lead to clinically significant pathological changes in the cornea. There were no signs of ASOCT (anterior segment-optical coherence tomography) hyperreflectivity. THz radiation with parameters listed above of 2.3 THz and an intensities of 0.012-0.024 mW/cm² for 30 minutes has been shown to be conditionally safe for the structures of the rabbit eye. However, the detected subclinical corneal changes require further study to determine safe exposure limits.

Своевременная диагностика инфекций, передаваемых половым путем, (ИППП) определяет сохранение не только индивидуального здоровья пациента, но и здоровья общества, так как ограничивает распространение возбудителей ИППП. Совершенствование методов диагностики проводится постоянно, многие методы, которые в прошлом определяли тактику терапии, сегодня не рассматривают в качестве методов диагностики. Активно разрабатываются технологии, которые в скором времени будут использоваться в рутинной практике врачей. Изменение методов лабораторной диагностики отвечает на вызовы времени, такие как частое наличие микст-инфекции у пациентов с ИППП, инфицирование пациентов ВИЧ с типичным для этого состояния снижением выработки антител, развитие у возбудителей ИППП устойчивости к применяемым препаратам, формирование онкологических заболеваний в результате внедрения возбудителя ИППП в слизистые оболочки. Важным требованием современности является скорость получения результата, в том числе использование новых технологий, позволяющих диагностировать инфекцию на месте оказания помощи (point-of-care технологии). Обзор знакомит врачей с новыми направлениями в лабораторной диагностике ИППП.

Boron neutron capture therapy is considered a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors of the head and neck. It is believed that to increase the effectiveness of this type of therapy, the use of large doses of boron is required, which may entail damaging effects on healthy tissue. One of the substances used in the clinical practice of boron neutron capture therapy is sodium boroncaptate Na₂B₁₂H₁₁SH (BSH), enriched with the 10B boron isotope. The purpose of the study was to study the structural reactions of the myocardium and liver of CD-1 mice after administration of BSH. A light-optical and polarization-microscopic study of the myocardium and liver of male CD-1 mice (n=56) was carried out after injection of a boron-containing substance in doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg, once, intraperitoneally. Assessment of structural changes in the myocardium and liver was carried out 1, 3 and 7 days after BSH administration. A single injection of BSH at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not lead to the death of animals, whereas 3 hours after the injection of BSH at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, 1 animal died. The body weight of the animals changed slightly during the experiment. Analysis of heart weight showed a decrease in this indicator on days 3 and 7 compared with indicators in the same groups on day 1 of the experiment. When analyzing the dynamics of changes in liver mass, no significant changes were revealed during the experiment. The main structural changes in the myocardium included lytic and contractural damage to cardiomyocytes, hemodynamic disturbances in the form of pronounced venous and capillary congestion. Liver damage was manifested in dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, the appearance after 3 days of monocellular necrosis of hepatocytes and pericentral mononuclear infiltrates. The data obtained indicate that the used doses of BSH 100 and 1000 mg/kg with a single injection cause structural changes in the myocardium and liver of varying severity, which persist for 7 days of observation.

Terahertz (THz) radiation is increasingly considered for ophthalmic diagnostic applications, yet its biological effects on corneal cells remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the cellular and metabolic responses of cultured human corneal stromal fibroblasts (hCSFs) derived from ReLEx SMILE lenticules to 2.3 THz radiation at a power density of 0.056 W/cm² (delivered power density at monolayer ~ 39 mW/cm²).,Cells were exposed for 10 or 45 minutes and assessed at 4- and 72-hours post-irradiation. Outcome measures included cell viability (MTT assay), mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRM), apoptosis (Annexin V/PI flow cytometry), surface phenotype (CD44, CD184), stress protein expression (heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX)), profibrotic marker expression (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and collagen III) assessed by immunocytochemistry, and targeted metabolomic profiling. Infrared (IR) irradiation under matched temperature conditions was included as a thermal comparison control.,At 1 week, THz exposure was associated with a duration-dependent increase in profibrotic marker expression, including α-SMA, TGF-β, and collagen III, predominantly after 45-min exposure. These changes occurred without detectable γH2AX induction or HSP70 elevation. Several responses were not reproduced by IR exposure under matched temperature conditions, suggesting that they cannot be explained solely by the measured bulk thermal exposure. TGF-β expression increased after both THz and IR exposure, indicating that temperature-associated mechanisms may contribute to this response. Metabolomic analysis revealed depletion of phosphatidylinositol species, reduced 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and altered taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, suggesting disruption of membrane-associated signaling.,THz radiation at 2.3 THz was associated with time-dependent biological effects in hCSFs, including mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-related changes, and increased expression of profibrotic markers within an already fibroblast-like stromal cell population. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating THz bioeffects in the context of ophthalmic device development and safety assessment.

Terahertz (THz) radiation is increasingly explored for biomedical applications, however, its non-thermal effects on cellular metabolism and regulatory networks remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to investigate how 2.3 THz radiation affects metabolic pathways and membrane-associated signaling in human melanoma cells.